Coverage enhancement

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure proposes various methods for improving coverage. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when an unavailable resource exists in a resource set configured for repeated transmission of a physical uplink channel, the UE may determine a resource capable of actually performing repeated transmission of a physical uplink channel within the resource set. According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, when the terminal receives the TPC command within the resource corresponding to the DMRS bundle, the terminal may perform power control based on the TPC command after the resource.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119 (a), this application claims the benefit ofKorean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0005296 filed on Jan. 14, 2021,No. 10-2021-0006879 filed on Jan. 18, 2021, No. 10-2021-0048451 filed onApr. 14, 2021, No. 10-2021-0061174 filed on May 12, 2021, No.10-2021-0119897 filed on Sep. 8, 2021 and No. 10-2021-0151570 filed onNov. 5, 2021, the contents of which are all hereby incorporated byreference herein in their entirety.

BACKGROUNDS Field of the Disclosure

The present disclosure relates to wireless communication.

Related Art

As more and more communication devices require more communicationcapacity, there is a need for improved mobile broadband communicationover existing radio access technology. Also, massive machine typecommunications (MTC), which provides various services by connecting manydevices and objects, is one of the major issues to be considered in thenext generation communication. In addition, communication system designconsidering reliability/latency sensitive service/UE is being discussed.The introduction of next generation radio access technology consideringenhanced mobile broadband communication (eMBB), massive MTC (mMTC),ultrareliable and low latency communication (URLLC) is discussed. Thisnew technology may be called new radio access technology (new RAT or NR)in the present disclosure for convenience.

In the next-generation wireless communication system, there is ongoingdiscussion on coverage enhancement (CE) for an uplink signal withrespect to a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical uplinkcontrol channel (PUCCH), and other signals. Regarding the CE, there isongoing discussion on a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) bundle inthe PUSCH and PUCCH and a method of performing PUCCH/PUSCH repetition.

SUMMARY

The present specification proposes various coverage enhancement (CE)methods. Specifically, the present specification proposes an uplinkpower control method of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) bundle, apower allocation and collision handling method of the DMRS bundle, anuplink power control method of the DMRS bundle according to userequipment (UE) capability, and a method of applying a timing advance(TA) command of the DMRS bundle.

According to the present specification, it is possible to resolvemisunderstandings between a UE and a base station (BS) with respect touplink transmission for CE. Therefore, it is possible to increase CEefficiency through various CE methods proposed in the presentspecification.

The effects that can be obtained through specific examples of thepresent disclosure are not limited to the effects listed above. Forexample, there may be various technical effects that a person havingordinary skill in the related art can understand or derive from thepresent disclosure. Accordingly, specific effects of the presentdisclosure are not limited to those explicitly described in the presentdisclosure and may include various effects that can be understood orderived from the technical features of the present disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following drawings are provided to describe specific examples of thepresent specification. A name of a specific device or a name of aspecific signal/message/field disclosed in the drawings is proposed forexemplary purposes, and technical features of the present specificationare not limited to the specific name used in the following drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system to which the presentdisclosure may be applied.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for a userplane.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for acontrol plane.

FIG. 4 shows another wireless communication system to which the presentdisclosure may be applied.

FIG. 5 illustrates a functional division between an NG-RAN and a 5GC.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a frame structure that may be appliedin NR.

FIG. 7 illustrates a slot structure.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of arrangement of nominal repetition andactual repetition.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of the case 3-1.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of the case 3-2.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a case where the DMRS bundle isgreater than the look-ahead power control capable window.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of an uplink transmission method of a UEaccording to some implementations of the present specification.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a timing advance (TA) adjustmentmethod of a UE according to some implementations of the presentspecification.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a method of configuring repetitiontransmission of a UE, performed by a BS, according to someimplementations of the present specification.

FIG. 15 illustrates a communication system 1 applied to the disclosure.

FIG. 16 illustrates a wireless device that is applicable to thedisclosure.

FIG. 17 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmissionsignal.

FIG. 18 illustrates another example of a wireless device applied to thedisclosure.

FIG. 19 illustrates a hand-held device applied to the disclosure.

FIG. 20 illustrates a vehicle or an autonomous driving vehicle appliedto the disclosure.

FIG. 21 illustrates a vehicle applied to the disclosure.

FIG. 22 illustrates a XR device applied to the disclosure.

FIG. 23 illustrates a robot applied to the disclosure.

FIG. 24 illustrates an AI device applied to the disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

As used herein, “A or B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”.That is, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and/or B” herein. Forexample, “A, B or C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “anycombination of A, B, and C”.

As used herein, a slash (/) or a comma (,) may mean “and/or”. Forexample, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”. Therefore, “A/B” may include “onlyA”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. For example, “A, B, C” may mean “A, B,or C”.

As used herein, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”, “only B”,or “both A and B”. Further, as used herein, “at least one of A or B” or“at least one of A and/or B” may be interpreted equally as “at least oneof A and B”.

As used herein, “at least one of A, B, and C” may mean “only A”, “onlyB”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, and C”. Further, “at leastone of A, B, or C” or “at least one of A, B, and/or C” may mean “atleast one of A, B, and C”.

As used herein, parentheses may mean “for example”. For instance, theexpression “control information (PDCCH)” may mean that a PDCCH isproposed as an example of control information. That is, controlinformation is not limited to a PDCCH, but a PDCCH is proposed as anexample of control information. Further, the expression “controlinformation (i.e., a PDCCH)” may also mean that a PDCCH is proposed asan example of control information.

In the present disclosure, technical features that are individuallydescribed within one figure may be implemented individually or may beimplemented at the same time.

FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system to which the presentdisclosure may be applied. The wireless communication system may bereferred to as an Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network(E-UTRAN) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-A system.

The E-UTRAN includes at least one base station (BS) 20 which provides acontrol plane and a user plane to a user equipment (UE) 10. The UE 10may be fixed or mobile, and may be referred to as another terminology,such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriberstation (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), a wireless device, etc. The BS 20is generally a fixed station that communicates with the UE 10 and may bereferred to as another terminology, such as an evolved node-B (eNB), abase transceiver system (BTS), an access point, etc.

The BSs 20 are interconnected by means of an X2 interface. The BSs 20are also connected by means of an S1 interface to an evolved packet core(EPC) 30, more specifically, to a mobility management entity (MME)through S1-MME and to a serving gateway (S-GW) through S1-U.

The EPC 30 includes an MME, an S-GW, and a packet data network-gateway(P-GW). The MME has access information of the UE or capabilityinformation of the UE, and such information is generally used formobility management of the UE. The S-GW is a gateway having an E-UTRANas an end point. The P-GW is a gateway having a PDN as an end point.

Layers of a radio interface protocol between the UE and the network canbe classified into a first layer (L1), a second layer (L2), and a thirdlayer (L3) based on the lower three layers of the open systeminterconnection (OSI) model that is well-known in the communicationsystem. Among them, a physical (PHY) layer belonging to the first layerprovides an information transfer service by using a physical channel,and a radio resource control (RRC) layer belonging to the third layerserves to control a radio resource between the UE and the network. Forthis, the RRC layer exchanges an RRC message between the UE and the BS.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for a userplane. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture fora control plane. The user plane is a protocol stack for user datatransmission. The control plane is a protocol stack for control signaltransmission.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, a PHY layer provides an upper layer with aninformation transfer service through a physical channel. The PHY layeris connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer which is an upperlayer of the PHY layer through a transport channel. Data is transferredbetween the MAC layer and the PHY layer through the transport channel.The transport channel is classified according to how and with whatcharacteristics data is transferred through a radio interface.

Data is moved between different PHY layers, that is, the PHY layers of atransmitter and a receiver, through a physical channel. The physicalchannel may be modulated according to an Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and use the time and frequency as radioresources.

The functions of the MAC layer include mapping between a logical channeland a transport channel and multiplexing and demultiplexing to atransport block that is provided through a physical channel on thetransport channel of a MAC Service Data Unit (SDU) that belongs to alogical channel. The MAC layer provides service to a Radio Link Control(RLC) layer through the logical channel.

The functions of the RLC layer include the concatenation, segmentation,and reassembly of an RLC SDU. In order to guarantee various types ofQuality of Service (QoS) required by a Radio Bearer (RB), the RLC layerprovides three types of operation mode: Transparent Mode (TM),Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provideserror correction through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ).

The RRC layer is defined only on the control plane. The RRC layer isrelated to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radiobearers, and is responsible for control of logical channels, transportchannels, and PHY channels. An RB means a logical route that is providedby the first layer (PHY layer) and the second layers (MAC layer, the RLClayer, and the PDCP layer) in order to transfer data between UE and anetwork.

The function of a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer on theuser plane includes the transfer of user data and header compression andciphering. The function of the PDCP layer on the user plane furtherincludes the transfer and encryption/integrity protection of controlplane data.

What an RB is configured means a process of defining the characteristicsof a wireless protocol layer and channels in order to provide specificservice and configuring each detailed parameter and operating method. AnRB can be divided into two types of a Signaling RB (SRB) and a Data RB(DRB). The SRB is used as a passage through which an RRC message istransmitted on the control plane, and the DRB is used as a passagethrough which user data is transmitted on the user plane.

If RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of UE and the RRClayer of an E-UTRAN, the UE is in the RRC connected state. If not, theUE is in the RRC idle state.

A downlink transport channel through which data is transmitted from anetwork to UE includes a broadcast channel (BCH) through which systeminformation is transmitted and a downlink shared channel (SCH) throughwhich user traffic or control messages are transmitted. Traffic or acontrol message for downlink multicast or broadcast service may betransmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through anadditional downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplinktransport channel through which data is transmitted from UE to a networkincludes a random access channel (RACH) through which an initial controlmessage is transmitted and an uplink shared channel (SCH) through whichuser traffic or control messages are transmitted.

Logical channels that are placed over the transport channel and that aremapped to the transport channel include a broadcast control channel(BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel(CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and a multicast trafficchannel (MTCH).

The physical channel includes several OFDM symbols in the time domainand several subcarriers in the frequency domain. One subframe includes aplurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain. An RB is a resourcesallocation unit, and includes a plurality of OFDM symbols and aplurality of subcarriers. Furthermore, each subframe may use specificsubcarriers of specific OFDM symbols (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) ofthe corresponding subframe for a physical downlink control channel(PDCCH), that is, an L1/L2 control channel. A Transmission Time Interval(TTI) is a unit time for transmission, e.g., a subframe or a slot.

Hereinafter, a new radio access technology (new RAT, NR) will bedescribed.

As more and more communication devices require more communicationcapacity, there is a need for improved mobile broadband communicationover existing radio access technology. Also, massive machine typecommunications (MTC), which provides various services by connecting manydevices and objects, is one of the major issues to be considered in thenext generation communication. In addition, communication system designconsidering reliability/latency sensitive service/UE is being discussed.The introduction of next generation radio access technology consideringenhanced mobile broadband communication (eMBB), massive MTC (mMTC),ultrareliable and low latency communication (URLLC) is discussed. Thisnew technology may be called new radio access technology (new RAT or NR)in the present disclosure for convenience.

FIG. 4 shows another wireless communication system to which the presentdisclosure may be applied.

Specifically, FIG. 4 shows a system architecture based on a 5G new radioaccess technology (NR) system. An entity used in the 5G NR system(hereinafter, simply referred to as “NR”) may absorb some or allfunctions of the entity (e.g., eNB, MME, S-GW) introduced in FIG. 1(e.g., eNB, MME, S-GW). The entity used in the NR system may beidentified in the name of “NG” to distinguish it from LTE.

Referring to FIG. 4, a wireless communication system includes one ormore UEs 11, a next-generation RAN (NG-RAN), and a 5th generation corenetwork (5GC). The NG-RAN consists of at least one NG-RAN node. TheNG-RAN node is an entity corresponding to the BS 20 of FIG. 1. TheNG-RAN node consists of at least one gNB 21 and/or at least one ng-eNB22. The gNB 21 provides NR user plane and control plane protocolterminations towards the UE 11. The Ng-eNB 22 provides an E-UTRA userplane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 11.

The 5GC includes an access and mobility management function (AMF), auser plane function (UPF), and a session management function (SMF). TheAMF hosts functions, such as non-access stratum (NAS) security, idlestate mobility processing, and so on. The AMF is an entity including theconventional MMF function. The UPF hosts functions, such as mobilityanchoring, protocol data unit (PDU) processing, and so on. The UPF is anentity including the conventional S-GW function. The SMF hostsfunctions, such as UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation, PDUsession control, and so on.

The gNB and the ng-eNB are interconnected through an Xn interface. ThegNB and the ng-eNB are also connected to the 5GC through an NGinterface. More specifically, the gNB and the ng-eNB are connected tothe AMF through an NG-C interface, and are connected to the UPF throughan NG-U interface.

FIG. 5 illustrates a functional division between an NG-RAN and a 5GC.

Referring to FIG. 5, the gNB may provide functions such as an inter-cellradio resource management (Inter Cell RRM), radio bearer management (RBcontrol), connection mobility control, radio admission control,measurement configuration & provision, dynamic resource allocation, andthe like. The AMF may provide functions such as NAS security, idle statemobility handling, and so on. The UPF may provide functions such asmobility anchoring, PDU processing, and the like. The SMF may providefunctions such as UE IP address assignment, PDU session control, and soon.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a frame structure that may be appliedin NR.

Referring to FIG. 6, a frame may be composed of 10 milliseconds (ms) andinclude 10 subframes each composed of 1 ms.

In the NR, uplink and downlink transmissions may be configured on aframe basis. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms, and may be defined astwo 5 ms half-frames (HFs). The HF may be defined as five 1 mssub-frames (SFs). The SF is divided into one or more slots, and thenumber of slots in the SF depends on a subcarrier spacing (SCS). Eachslot includes 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix(CP). When a normal CP is used, each slot includes 14 symbols. When anextended CP is used, each slot includes 12 symbols. Herein, the symbolmay include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) and an SC-FDMA symbol (orDFT-S-OFDM symbol).

One or a plurality of slots may be included in a subframe according tosubcarrier spacings.

The following table 1 illustrates a subcarrier spacing configuration

TABLE 1 μ Δf = 2^(μ) ·15 [kHz] Cyclic prefix 0 15 Normal 1 30 Normal 260 Normal Extended 3 120 Normal 4 240 Normal

The following table 2 illustrates the number of slots in a frame(N^(frame,μ) _(slot)), the number of slots in a subframe (N^(subframe,μ)_(slot)), the number of symbols in a slot (Ns^(slot) _(symb)), and thelike, according to subcarrier spacing configurations μ.

μ N_(symb) ^(slot) N_(slot) ^(frame,μ) N_(slot) ^(subframe,μ) 0 14 10 11 14 20 2 2 14 40 4 3 14 80 8 4 14 160 16

Table 3 below illustrates that the number of symbols per slot, thenumber of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe varydepending on the SCS, in case of using an extended CP.

TABLE 3 SCS(15 * 2{circumflex over ( )} μ) N_(symb) ^(slot) N_(slot)^(frame,μ) N_(slot) ^(subframe,μ) 60 KHz (μ = 2) 12 40 4

NR supports multiple numbers (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to supportvarious 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide regionin the legacy cellular band is supported; and when the SCS is 30 kHz/60kHz, dense urban areas, low time delay and wide carrier bandwidth aresupported; and when the SCS is 60 kHz or more, a bandwidth of more than24.25 GHz is supported in order to overcome phase noise.

The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency ranges(FR1 and FR2). A numerical value of the frequency range may be changedand, for example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) may beas shown in Table 4 below. For convenience of explanation, among thefrequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may refer to “sub 6 GHzrange” and FR2 may refer to “above 6 GHz range” and may be calledmillimeter wave (mmW).

TABLE 4 Frequency Range Corresponding designation frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing FR1  450 MHz-6000 MHz   15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NRsystem may be changed. For example, FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to7125 MHz as shown in Table 5 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequencyband of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example,the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higherincluded in FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band maybe used for various purposes, for example, for communication for avehicle (e.g., autonomous driving).

TABLE 5 Frequency Range Corresponding designation frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing FR1  410 MHz-7125 MHz   15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHzIn an NR system, OFDM(A) numerologies (e.g., SCS, CP length, and so on)may be differently configured between a plurality of cells integrated toone UE. Accordingly, an (absolute time) duration of a time resource(e.g., SF, slot or TTI) (for convenience, collectively referred to as atime unit (TU)) configured of the same number of symbols may bedifferently configured between the integrated cells.

FIG. 7 illustrates a slot structure.

Referring to FIG. 7, a slot includes a plurality of symbols in a timedomain. For example, in case of a normal CP, one slot may include 14symbols. However, in case of an extended CP, one slot may include 12symbols. Alternatively, in case of the normal CP, one slot may include 7symbols. However, in case of the extended CP, one slot may include 6symbols.

A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in a frequency domain. Aresource block (RB) may be defined as a plurality of consecutivesubcarriers (e.g., 12 subcarriers) in the frequency domain. A bandwidthpart (BWP) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs in thefrequency domain, and the BWP may correspond to one numerology (e.g.,SCS, CP length, and so on). The carrier ma include up to N (e.g., 5)BWPs. Data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. Eachelement may be referred to as a resource element (RE) within a resourcegrid, and one complex symbol may be mapped thereto.

A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) may include one or morecontrol channel elements (CCEs) as illustrated in the following table 6.

TABLE 6 Aggregation level Number of CCEs 1 1 2 2 4 4 8 8 16 16

That is, the PDCCH may be transmitted through a resource including 1, 2,4, 8, or 16 CCEs. Here, the CCE includes six resource element groups(REGs), and one REG includes one resource block in a frequency domainand one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in atime domain.

Anew unit called a control resource set (CORESET) may be introduced inthe NR. The UE may receive a PDCCH in the CORESET.

Meanwhile, there is ongoing discussion on coverage enhancement (CE) foran uplink signal with respect to a physical uplink shared channel(PUSCH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), and other signals.Hereinafter, a PUCCH CE is described.

In the existing NR, a method of performing repetition for the PUCCH CEis considered. The PUCCH repetition may be applied only to PUCCH formats1, 3, and 4 (a long PUCCH). In addition, three cases may be consideredin which the number of PUCCH repetitions is nrofSlots=n2, n4, and n8(PUCCH-FormatConfig). In the PUCCH repetition, the repeated PUCCH mayhave the same number of consecutive symbols and the same first symbol,and all of them may be located in the same position in a slot. Inaddition, when interslotFrequencyHopping is set during the PUCCHrepetition, frequency hopping may be applied to startingPRB foreven-numbered slots and secondHopPRB for odd-numbered slots. Inaddition, the UE does not multiplex different uplink control information(UCI) types of the repeated PUCCH. Therefore, when different PUCCHsoverlap in a duration in the slot, the UE transmits only any one PUCCHaccording to a priority rule (e.g., HARQ-ACK>SR>CSI) and drops theremaining PUCCHs, or transmits an earlier starting PUCCH (with samepriority).

The PUCCH repetition is performed only at the same position in each slotonly for the long PUCCH, and thus, in practice, the number ofrepetitions may be less than a set number. In particular, as mentionedabove, since a special slot (S slot) includes all of downlink (D),flexible (F), and uplink (U) symbols, it is difficult to perform thePUCCH repetition. To solve this problem, a next-generation PUCCH CEmethod may be considered (e.g., a DMRS-less PUCCH, PUCCH repetition suchas PUSCH repetition type B for UCI of at least 11 bits or less, explicitor implicit dynamic PUCCH repetition factor indication, DMRS bundlingcross PUCCH repetition, or the like). PUCCH repetition transmission inthe S slot through UCI split may also be considered as one method, butthis has a limitation in that a gain is higher in terms of latencyreduction than in terms of CE. With the PUCCH repetition in the newmethod, a method of repeatedly transmitting consecutive symbols may beconsidered, instead of specifying and repeating a start symbol andlength in the slot similarly in the existing PUSCH repetition type B.

Hereinafter, a technical problem of the DMRS bundle in the PUSCH/PUCCHis described.

In relation to CE, there is ongoing discussion on the DMRS bundling inthe PUSCH and the PUCCH. Since channel estimation performancedegradation caused by a low signal to noise ratio (SNR) is a main causeof CE performance degradation, a method of improving channel estimationperformance through an SNR gain by bundling and estimating a DMRS of therepeated PUSCH/PUCCH is considered. When this operation is supported inthe 3GPP standard, it is required to determine a DMRS bundle size. Twomain problems may occur when the DMRS bundle size is not pre-defined.

First, there is a problem of power control for the DMRS bundle. Sincethe existing power control is performed according to a transmissionoccasion, power is allocated irrespective of whether bundling isperformed or not, and thus transmit power of the bundle is notidentically maintained. Such a change in power may cause a localoscillator to be out of synchronization, which may result in receptionperformance degradation.

Second, power consistency may not be maintained due to a collision orthe like of the PUSCH/PUCCH for which the DMRS bundle is instructed.Since the existing collision-based power allocation rule is performedaccording to a transmission occasion, power allocation is performedseparately even if the PUSCH/PUCCH are bundled, and one of transmissionoccasions configured through a bundle may be dropped, or lower power maybe allocated to one of the transmission occasions configured through thebundle. In this case, reception performance of a gNB is degraded. Inaddition, in case of dual connectivity (DC), since the gNB does notexpect the operation of a UE, reception performance may be significantlydegraded.

Accordingly, the present specification proposes a method for maintainingtransmit power consistency of the PUSCH/PUCCH aggregated/configuredthrough a DMRS bundle.

The DMRS bundle in the present specification may mean a bundleinstructed for all or some of identical multiple PUCCHs or multiplePUSCHs transmitted by setting repetition for the purpose of channelestimation performance enhancement in a receiving end. Although a methodproposed in the present specification is described by assuming the PUSCHand the PUCCH, the method of the present specification may also beextendedly applied to another uplink channel. Further, when a singlePUSCH or PUCCH is transmitted in a slot, a transmission occasiondescribed below may mean transmission of the slot or the PUSCH or thePUCCH. Furthermore, even when several PUSCHs or PUCCHs are transmittedin the slot, the transmission occasion may also mean transmission of theslot or the PUSCH or the PUCCH.

In addition, the DMRS bundle of the present specification may mean aspecific time-domain window configured to the UE by the gNB for thepurpose of joint channel estimation or a time duration in which the gNBexpects that the UE has the same specific parameters without aconfiguration. Specifically, for a specific transmission occasion of theUE, the DMRS bundle of the present specification may mean a time-axisduration of an aggregation of two or more such transmission occasions ifa phase, transmit power, physical resource block (PRB), modulationorder, transmission timing, or the like is expected to be the same as,or to have at least a specific level of similarity with, that of anothertransmission occasion in which the UE performs transmission, or if it isinstructed to maintain the same or at least the specific level ofsimilarity. Alternatively, for transmission occasions of pre-agreedspecific durations, the DMRS bundle may mean a time-axis duration ofsuch transmission occasions if a phase, transmit power, PRB, modulationorder, transmission timing, or the like is expected to be the same, orto have at least a specific level of similarity, or if it is instructedto maintain the same or at least the specific level of similarity.

[Uplink Power Control of DMRS Bundle]

Hereinafter, uplink power control of a PUSCH and PUCCH will bedescribed. When it is descried for the PUSCH or the PUCCH, the contentdescribed below may be applied to both the PUSCH and the PUCCH.

In relation to the uplink power control of the DMRS bundle, a change ofa transmission occasion of the DMRS bundle will be described.

In the existing NR, the power control of the PUSCH/PUCCH may be based onthe transmission occasion. The transmission occasion may be defined asfollows.

A PUSCH/PUCCH/SRS/PRACH transmission occasion i may be defined by a slotindex n^(μ) _(s,f) having a system frame number (SFN), a first symbol Sin a slot, and the number L of consecutive symbols.

According to the above definition, the transmission occasion is definedas a slot index in the SFN. In addition thereto, PUSCHs aggregatedthrough the DMRS bundle and PUCCHs aggregated through the DMRS bundlemay be configured to have the same transmission occasion. Herein, onlyfor a case where the transmission occasion i has a DMRS bundlerelationship with an (i−1)-th transmission occasion or a case of beingaggregated for joint decoding of a receiving end, not i but i−1 may beapplied to the transmission occasion i, like in a previous transmissionoccasion. That is, a plurality of transmission occasions may have thesame index. In this case, the same transmit power may be applied to allDMRS bundle relationships. Accordingly, power consistency may bemaintained.

Alternatively, in a case where an i-th transmission occasion has a DMRSbundle relationship with an immediately previous (i−1)-th transmissionoccasion or in a case of being aggregated for joint decoding of thereceiving end, power control of the (i−1)-th transmission occasion maybe applied to the i-th transmission occasion.

In relation to the uplink power control of the DMRS bundle, powercontrol of the DMRS bundle in which a transmission occasion does notchange will be described.

Although the index of the transmission occasion may be given equally tothe DMRS bundle or the transmit power may be configured equally for allof the DMRS bundles as in the aforementioned method, the followingmethod may be considered instead of the aforementioned method. In theconventional uplink power control, it may be expected that a pathloss,specified nominal power, or the like corresponding to an open loop powercontrol does not change instantaneously, and a power control value basedon an MCS(PUSCH) or PUCCH format is repeated and thus may be identicalin all of the DMRS bundles. Therefore, a transmission power controlcommand (TPC) value which varies depending on a closed loop powercontrol may change instantaneously (since a DCI-based instruction ispossible in the middle of transmission). Accordingly, the TPC commandmay be applied to the DMRS bundle or the PUSCH or PUCCH aggregationwhich requires joint decoding of the receiving end, based on thefollowing two methods.

As a first method, a method in which the same uplink power is maintainedbetween DMRS bundles may be considered.

A UE may be instructed to accumulate and apply a TPC received throughtpc-Accumulation.

In the existing TPC command, an operation of the PUSCH when the UEreaches maximum/minimum power may be as follows. Herein, the PUSCH andthe PUCCH may be used alternately.

-   -   If the UE reaches maximum power with respect to an active uplink        bandwidth part (BWP) b of a carrier f of a serving cell C in a        PUSCH transmission occasion i−i₀, and if Equation 1 is        satisfied, Equation 2 may be satisfied.

$\begin{matrix}{{\overset{{\mathcal{C}(D_{i})} - 1}{\sum\limits_{m = 0}}{\delta_{{PUSCH},b,f,c}\left( {m,l} \right)}} \geq 0} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}1} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$ $\begin{matrix}{{f_{b,f,c}\left( {i,l} \right)} = {f_{b,f,c}\left( {{i - i_{0}},l} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}2} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

-   -   If the UE reaches minimum power with respect to the active        uplink BWP b of the carrier f of the serving cell C in the PUSCH        transmission occasion i−i₀, and if Equation 3 is satisfied,        Equation 4 may be satisfied.

$\begin{matrix}{{\overset{{\mathcal{C}(D_{i})} - 1}{\sum\limits_{m = 0}}{\delta_{{PUSCH},b,f,c}\left( {m,l} \right)}} \leq 0} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}3} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$ $\begin{matrix}{{f_{b,f,c}\left( {i,l} \right)} = {f_{b,f,c}\left( {{i - i_{0}},l} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}4} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

That is, if the UE reaches the maximum (minimum) power, and if theinstructed TPC accumulation is a positive (negative) value, closed looppower of the immediately previous transmission occasion may be appliedequally. Herein, a condition for the DMRS bundle may be added. That is,the following configuration may be defined.

-   -   If the PUSCH/PUCCH transmission occasion i is configured to be        bundled in the transmission occasion i−i₀, Equation 5 may be        satisfied.

f _(b,f,c)(i,l)=f _(b,f,c)(i−i ₀ ,l)  [Equation 5]

If the configuration is additionally defined, uplink power control maybe performed in unit of the DMRS bundle. A PUSCH operation relatedthereto may be as follows. Herein, the PUSCH and the PUCCH may be usedalternately.

-   -   Equation 6 expresses a sum of TPC command values in a set D_(i)        of TPC command values having a cardinality C(D_(i)) received by        the UE between K_(PUSCH)(i−i₀)−1 symbols before a PUSCH        transmission occasion i−i₀ and K_(PUSCH)(i) symbols before a        PUSCH transmission occasion I at an active uplink BWP b of a        carrier f of a serving cell C for a PUSCH power control        adjustment state I. Herein, i₀(i₀>0) is a smallest integer in        which K_(PUSCH)(i−i₀) symbols before the PUSCH transmission        occasion are earlier than K_(PUSCH)(i) symbols before the PUSCH        transmission occasion I.

$\begin{matrix}{\overset{{\mathcal{C}(D_{i})} - 1}{\sum\limits_{m = 0}}{\delta_{{PUSCH},b,f,c}\left( {m,l} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}6} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

-   -   If PUSCH transmission is scheduled by the DCI format,        K_(PUSCH)(i) denotes a plurality of symbols after a last symbol        of corresponding PDCCH reception and before a first symbol of        PUSCH transmission with respect to the active uplink BWP b of        the carrier f of the serving C.

That is, when it is instructed based on the DCI irrespective of thePUCCH/PUSCH, a TPC received from corresponding PDCCH reception to astart symbol of PUSCH/PUCCH transmission may be applied, or a TPCreceived from a nearest previous PUSCH/PUCCH transmission occasion maybe applied. Herein, considering the DMRS bundling, the following methodmay be taken into consideration.

Method 1) Applying of TPC Command in Unit of Bundle

A sum of TPC command values received in a duration from a firsttransmission occasion of a (k−1)-th DMRS bundle to a first transmissionoccasion of a k-th DMRS bundle may be equally applied to alltransmission occasions of the k-th DMRS bundle. That is, power controladjustment may be performed when transmission is performed for the firsttransmission occasion of the k-th DMRS bundle, and power controladjustment for the remaining transmission occasions may not beperformed.

Alternatively, when i_(k) denote a first transmission occasion of a k-thDMRS bundle and i_(k−1) denotes a first transmission occasion of a(k−1)-th DMRS bundle, a sum of TPC command values received during aduration from K_(PUSCH)(i_(k−1))−1 symbols before the transmissionoccasion i_(k−1) and K_(PUSCH)(i_(k)) symbols before the transmissionoccasion i_(k) may be applied in the transmission occasion i_(k).Thereafter, in the remaining transmission occasions in the k-th DMRSbundle, power control adjustment may be not performed, and transmitpower at the transmission occasion i_(k) may be equally applied. In thiscase, both K_(PUSCH)(i_(k)) and K_(PUSCH)(i_(k−1)) may be the number ofsymbols for the uplink BWP b of the carrier fin the serving C after thelast symbol of corresponding PDCCH reception and before the first symbolof PUSCH transmission. In this case, when the PUSCH is transmittedrepetitively, PUSCH transmission may imply PUSCH transmission at a firstPUSCH transmission occasion (or a first PUSCH repetition).

In the case of PUCCH transmission, the PUSCH may be interpreted by beingreplaced with the PUCCH.

Method 2) Applying of Only TPC Command Value Received in Part of Bundle

A TPC command received in a duration from a first transmission occasionof a (k−1)-th DMRS bundle to an n-th transmission occasion in the samebundle may be equally applied to all transmission occasions of a k-thDMRS bundle. In this case, a duration in which a UE monitors the TPCcommand may be decreased.

Alternatively, a TPC command received in a duration from an n-thtransmission occasion of the (k−1)-th DMRS bundle to a last transmissionoccasion in the same bundle may be equally applied to all transmissionoccasions of the k-th DMRS bundle. In this case, the duration in whichthe UE monitors the TPC command may be decreased. In addition, a gNB mayinstruct a command with DCI at a time imminent to transmission, whichmay result in an increase in flexibility of power control.

As a second method, a method in which an uplink power variable betweenDMRS bundles is maintained to be less than or equal to a specific levelmay be considered.

In an aspect of a network operation, maintaining of a specific resource(beam direction, time/frequency resource, etc.) for a long time maycause an increase in inter cell interference or a deterioration inscheduling flexibility. In addition, in terms of a UE, when transmitpower is allocated for a long time by a DMRS bundle, power allocationfor other transmission signals may be continuously interfered.Therefore, power is not maintained equally for all times, but a powervariable less than or equal to a pre-agreed or defined specific valuemay be guaranteed.

For example, the UE may determine that tpc-Accumulation is alwaysconfigured in the remaining transmission occasions except for the firsttransmission occasion of the DMRS bundle. Alternatively, an instructionof the DMRS bundle and an instruction of the tpc-Accumulation may beperformed together. Additionally or independently, referring to Table 7and Table 8, a command range may be limited with respect to the DMRSbundle for the PUSCH and PUCCH, or a scaling factor may be applied tothe existing applying range. Table 7 is a mapping table for an absoluteor accumulated value δ_(PUSCH,b,f,c) or δ_(SRS,b,f,c) of a TPC commandincluded in a DCI format for scheduling PUSCH transmission or a DCIformat 2_2 or DCI format 2_3 which is CRC scrambled by TPC-PUSCH-RNTI.Table 8 is a mapping table for an accumulated value δ_(PUCCH,b,f,c) of aTPC command included in a DCI format 1_0 or a DCI format 1_1 or a DCIformat 2_2 which is CRC scrambled by TPC-PUCCH-RNTI.

TABLE 7 TPC Command Accumulated Absolute δ_(PUCCH,b,f,c) Fieldδ_(PUCCH,b,f,c) [dB] or δ_(SRS,b,f,c) [dB] 0 −1 −4 1 0 −1 2 1 1 3 3 4

TABLE 8 TPC Command Accumulated Field δ_(PUCCH,b,f,c) [dB] 0 −1 1 0 2 13 3

The applying of the scaling factor may mean that power controladjustment due to the closed-loop power control is multiplied by avariable less than 1 and is applied to power control of the PUCCH/PUSCH.

In relation to the uplink power control of the DMRS bundle, the DMRSbundle based on a PUSCH/PUCCH type or power control in a time-domainwindow for joint channel estimation will be described.

In case of joint channel estimation, a time-domain window may bespecified in which the UE is expected to maintain phase continuity andpower consistency between PUSCH transmissions according to requirementsof the power consistency and phase continuity.

In order to ensure joint channel estimation performance, in thetime-domain window, transmit power, phase, timing, or the like may needto be unchanged or to be maintained within a specific range. Inaddition, the following content may be applied as to whether a basicunit of the joint channel estimation is defined according to a PUSCHtype or whether the same basic unit is applied irrespective of the PUSCHtype.

For the time-domain window for joint channel estimation, a unit of thetime-domain window may be defined independently or equally with respectto next PUSCH transmission.

-   -   PUSCH repetition type A    -   PUSCH repetition type B    -   TBoMS (Transmit block processing over multiple slot)    -   Different TB (transport block)

Herein, as a candidate of the basic unit of the time-domain window, aset of (consecutive) slots or a set of transmission occasions(repetitions) may be considered. Herein, the following cases may beconsidered. Hereinafter, TO implies a transmission occasion.

Case 1) when Every PUSCH/PUCCH has the Same Unit of Time-Domain Windowfor Joint Channel Estimation

Case 1-1) TO may be considered as the unit of the time-domain window forjoint channel estimation.

That is, for all of the PUCCH (including repetition in a slot), thePUSCH repetition type A, the PUSCH repetition type B, and the differentTB, the time-domain window for joint channel estimation may beconfigured in unit of TO. In this case, since all uplink power controlsmay also be performed in unit of TO, units of the time-domain window andthe power control are identical, which may result in no ambiguity.

Case 1-2) Slot(s) may be considered in unit of the time-domain windowfor joint channel estimation.

In case of the PUCCH, the PUSCH repetition type A, and the TBoMS, sinceone slot is mapped to one TO, ambiguity for the power control may notoccur like in the Case 1-1. However, in case of the PUSCH repetitiontype B, one slot may be mapped to several TOs, which may result inambiguity occurring in the power control. That is, when the window isconfigured in unit of slots, a boundary of a window for joint channelestimation and a boundary of TO performing uplink power adjustment maybe misaligned, and thus power adjustment may not be performed in thewindow for joint channel estimation during repetition is performed.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of arrangement of nominal repetition andactual repetition.

For example, in case of a PUSCH repetition type B, a case of FIG. 8 maybe assumed. The existing power control mechanism is performed in unit ofnominal repetition, but transmission in unit of actual transmission maybe performed according to a slot boundary. Accordingly, in FIG. 8, forexample, when a first slot to a third slot are set as a time-domainwindow for joint channel estimation and power adjustment is executed inRep3 of nominal repetition, transmit power of Rep3 of actualtransmission and transmit power of Rep4 may be set to be different fromeach other. In this case, since it does not conform to a condition ofjoint channel estimation, even if a gNB does not expect that receivepower varies, there may be a case of being configured as describedabove.

To solve this problem, the followings may be considered.

Alternative 1-1) If the unit of the time-domain window is a slot, when apower control is performed according to the conventional uplink powercontrol of the PUSCH repetition type B, the UE may not perform a powercontrol in which uplink power is expected to be changed in the unit ofthe time-domain window (i.e., the slot).

Alternative 1-2) If the unit of the time-domain window is the slot, theUE may set an execution unit of the uplink power adjustment for thePUSCH repetition type B to be identical to the unit of the time-domain(i.e., the slot), or may change it to an actual repetition unit.

Alternative 1-3) The UE may determine that only the power control of themost advanced symbol in the unit of the time-domain window (i.e., theslot) is valid. That is, when multiple uplink power control adjustmentsare performed in the time-domain window, the UE may determine that onlythe uplink power adjustment which is the most advanced in time or themost prioritized according to a grant order is valid.

When joint channel estimation is performed for different TBs, thefollowing content may be considered.

Alternative 2-1) When joint channel estimation is performed for thedifferent TB and the unit of power control and the time-domain windoware not identical, for example, when the joint channel estimation isperformed for the entirety or part of the PUSCH repetition type A andthe entirety or part pf the PUSCH repetition type B, an execution unitof uplink power control with respect to the PUSCH repetition type B maybe set to be identical to the time-domain window (i.e., slot(s)) or maybe changed to the actual repetition unit.

Case 2) when the Unit of the Time-Domain Window for Joint ChannelEstimation is Different with Respect to the PUSCH/PUCCH Type

For the PUCCH, the PUSCH repetition A, and the TBoMS, it is not affectedsince the unit of the time-domain window for joint channel estimation isidentical whether it is slot(s) or TO. Otherwise, in case of the PUSCHrepetition type B, the same situation as the Case 1-2 may occur.Accordingly, to solve this problem, the following alternatives may beconsidered.

Alternative 3-1) The unit of the time-domain window may always be set toa TO unit. That is, for the PUSCH repetition type B without a specialconfiguration or for joint channel estimation including the PUSCHrepetition type B, the unit of the time-domain window may always be setto the TO. Alternatively, even if the unit of the time-domain window isset differently from the above description, the unit may be changed tothe TO when the PUSCH repetition type B is included in a specifictime-domain window.

Alternative 3-2) The same method as the alternative 1-1) and alternative1-2) of the Case 1-2 may be considered.

[Power Allocation and Collision Handling of DMRS Bundling]

For a single cell operation having two uplink carriers or for a carrieraggregation situation, when transmit power for PUSCH/PUCCH/PRACH/SRStransmission of a transmission occasion of a UE exceeds total UEtransmit power, an example of a priority order of power allocation is asfollows.

-   -   PRACH transmission on PCell    -   PUCCH transmission including HARQ-ACK information and/or SR        and/or LRR or PUSCH transmission including HARQ-ACK information    -   PUCCH transmission including CSI or PUSCH transmission having        CSI    -   PUSCH transmission not including HARQ-ACK information or CSI,        and in case of a type-2 random access procedure, PUSCH        transmission on PCell    -   SRS transmission having aperiodic SRS with a higher priority        than semi-static and/or periodic SRS or PRACH transmission on a        serving cell other than PCell

In this case, since a priority of a PUSCH/PUCCH in which a DMRS bundleis configured does not exist, a new order for this is required. Inaddition, in a dual connectivity or carrier aggregation or single celloperation situation, there is a need to define an operation in whichtransmit power in an uplink transmission occasion is to be reduced or anoperation in which transmission is dropped.

First, a priority order of transmit power allocation of a DMRS bundle ina single-cell operation or a carrier aggregation environment will bedescribed.

Since a PUSCH/PUCCH instructed through the DMRS bundle is instructed bya gNB to improve coverage enhancement, a gain is obtained only whenpower consistency is maintained for the bundle, thereby expectingsuccessful decoding of the gNB. In this aspect, the DMRS bundlepreferably has a high priority, and the following order may be defined.In the order described below, a priority of transmission describedearlier may be a relatively higher priority of transmission.

-   -   PRACH transmission on PCell    -   DMRS bundle of PUCCH transmission having HARQ-ACK information        and/or SR and/or LRR, or DMRS bundle of PUSCH transmission        having HARQ-ACK information    -   DMRS bundle of PUCCH having CSI or PUSCH having CSI    -   DMRS bundle of PUSCH transmission not including HARQ information        or CSI, and in case of a type-2 random access procedure, DMRS        bundle of PUSCH transmission on PCell    -   PUCCH transmission including HARQ-ACK information and/or SR        and/or LRR or PUSCH transmission including HARQ-ACK information    -   PUCCH transmission including CSI or PUSCH transmission having        CSI    -   PUSCH transmission not including HARQ-ACK information or CSI,        and in case of a type-2 random access procedure, PUSCH        transmission on PCell    -   SRS transmission having aperiodic SRS with a higher priority        than semi-static and/or periodic SRS or PRACH transmission on a        serving cell other than PCell

Alternatively, since the DMRS bundle maintains high transmit powerduring a time instructed through the bundle, in case of having a highpriority at the same time, power allocation of another transmissionsignal may not be smoothly achieved. Therefore, it may be preferable tohave a relatively low priority, and the following order may be defined.

-   -   PRACH transmission on PCell    -   PUCCH transmission including HARQ-ACK information and/or SR        and/or LRR or PUSCH transmission including HARQ-ACK information    -   PUCCH transmission including CSI or PUSCH transmission having        CSI    -   PUSCH transmission not including HARQ-ACK information or CSI,        and in case of a type-2 random access procedure, PUSCH        transmission on PCell    -   SRS transmission having aperiodic SRS with a higher priority        than semi-static and/or periodic SRS or PRACH transmission on a        serving cell other than PCell    -   DMRS bundle of PUCCH having CSI or PUSCH having CSI    -   DMRS bundle of PUSCH transmission not including HARQ information        or CSI, and in case of a type-2 random access procedure, DMRS        bundle of PUSCH transmission on PCell    -   SRS transmission having aperiodic SRS with a higher priority        than semi-static and/or periodic SRS or PRACH transmission on a        serving cell other than PCell

Unlike the aforementioned method, a priority order for the existingcontent may be set before the priority order of the DMRS bundle.Therefore, the following two options may be considered. First, the DMRSbundle may have a high priority order only when the content isidentical, as follows.

-   -   PRACH transmission on PCell    -   DMRS bundle of PUCCH transmission having HARQ-ACK information        and/or SR and/or LRR, or DMRS bundle of PUSCH transmission        having HARQ-ACK information    -   PUCCH transmission including HARQ-ACK information and/or SR        and/or LRR or PUSCH transmission including HARQ-ACK information    -   DMRS bundle of PUCCH having CSI or PUSCH having CSI    -   PUCCH transmission including CSI or PUSCH transmission having        CSI    -   DMRS bundle of PUSCH transmission not including HARQ information        or CSI, and in case of a type-2 random access procedure, DMRS        bundle of PUSCH transmission on PCell    -   PUSCH transmission not including HARQ-ACK information or CSI,        and in case of a type-2 random access procedure, PUSCH        transmission on PCell    -   SRS transmission having aperiodic SRS with a higher priority        than semi-static and/or periodic SRS or PRACH transmission on a        serving cell other than PCell

Second, the DMRS bundle may have a low priority order only when thecontent is identical, as follows.

-   -   PRACH transmission on PCell    -   PUCCH transmission including HARQ-ACK information and/or SR        and/or LRR or PUSCH transmission including HARQ-ACK information    -   DMRS bundle of PUCCH transmission having HARQ-ACK information        and/or SR and/or LRR, or DMRS bundle of PUSCH transmission        having HARQ-ACK information    -   PUCCH transmission including CSI or PUSCH transmission having        CSI    -   DMRS bundle of PUCCH having CSI or PUSCH having CSI    -   PUSCH transmission not including HARQ-ACK information or CSI,        and in case of a type-2 random access procedure, PUSCH        transmission on PCell    -   DMRS bundle of PUSCH transmission not including HARQ information        or CSI, and in case of a type-2 random access procedure, DMRS        bundle of PUSCH transmission on PCell    -   SRS transmission having aperiodic SRS with a higher priority        than semi-static and/or periodic SRS or PRACH transmission on a        serving cell other than PCell

Next, DMRS bundle drop/power reduction handling will be described.

In the existing NR system, for different uplinks overlapping in a DCenvironment, an operation of dropping transmission of a low priority ortransmission of MCG/SCG according to UE capability (dynamic powersharing/semi-static power sharing) is defined. When PUSCH/PUCCHtransmission requiring transmission drop or transmit power reductionaccording to the conventional method is configured through a DMRS bundleor when, even in a single-cell operation/CA environment, PUSCH/PUCCHtransmission instructed through the DMRS bundle shall be dropped ortransmit power shall be reduced according to a priority rule or due toinsufficient transmit power, two cases may be roughly considered, i.e.,a case of instructing drop/power reduction of a transmission occasionadvanced in time (case 3-1) and a case of instructing drop/powerreduction of a transmission occasion later in time (case 3-2) among DMRSbundles. FIG. 9 illustrates an example of the case 3-1. FIG. 10illustrates an example of the case 3-2. In FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, TOimplies a transmission occasion.

The following three methods may be considered under this situation.

Method 1) A DMRS bundle may be dropped.

That is, in the case 3-1, transmission of all DMRS bundles TO1, TO2, . .. , TO8 may be dropped. In the case 3-2, if the UE knows in advance thatdrop/power reduction of TO7 and TO8 is to be configured in advance, theUE may drop all DMRS bundles. Otherwise, if the UE does not know inadvance configuration information on the drop/power reduction of TO7 andTO8, the UE is not able to drop all of the DMRS bundles, and thus the UEmay drop only TO7 and To8 unlike in the aforementioned method.Alternatively, if the UE receives an instruction for the drop/powerreduction of transmission in a duration from a transmission start timepoint of the DMRS bundle to a start time point of a slot or TO in whichthe drop/power reduction of the transmission is set, the UE may drop allTOs corresponding to the DMRS bundle starting from a TO nearest to areception time point, or may drop all TOs according to UE implementationin a duration from the reception time point to a start time point of theinstructed TO. For example, referring to FIG. 10, if the UE receivescorresponding information at TO4, the UE may drop all of TO4, TO5, TO6,TO7, and TO8, or may drop TO5, TO6, TO7, and TO8 according to the UEimplementation.

Alternatively, transmission may be dropped only for a transmissionoccasion in which transmission shall be dropped or transmit power shallbe reduced due to insufficient transmit power. That is, referring toFIG. 9, in the case 3-1, the UE may drop only transmission at TO1 andTO2, and may perform transmission for the remaining TOs in the DMRSbundle. Alternatively, for example, when transmit power shall be reduceddue to uplink transmission in another carrier at TO4 of FIG. 10, the UEmay drop transmission at TO4, and may perform transmission at TO5, TO6,TO7, and TO8 with original transmit power.

Method 2) Transmit power of the entire DMRS bundle may be reduced.

A smallest value among TOs in which reduction of transmit power isinstructed may be applied to an amount of transmit power to be reduced.According to the aforementioned method, transmit power of the entireDMTS bundle (TO1, TO2, . . . , TO8) may be reduced in the case 3-1. Inaddition, for the case 3-2, if the UE knows in advance that drop/powerreduction is configured for TO7 and To8, the UE may reduce transmitpower of the entire DMRS bundle.

However, if the UE does not know such information before starting thetransmission of the DMRS bundle or does not have an ability to predicttransmit power at a plurality of TOs in the DMRS bundle, the UE is notable to reduce power of the entire DMRS bundle. Therefore, in this case,the UE may apply the method 1. For example, for the case 3-2, unlike inthe aforementioned method, the UE may perform power reduction of onlyTo7 and To8. Alternatively, if the UE receives an instruction for thetransmission drop/power reduction in a duration from a transmissionstart time point of the DMRS bundle to a start time point of a slot orTO in which the transmission drop/power reduction is configured, the UEmay perform power reduction for all TOs corresponding to the DMRS bundlestarting from a TO nearest to a reception time point, or may reducepower of all TOs according to UE implementation in a duration from thereception time point to a start time point of the instructed TO. Forexample, in the example of FIG. 10, if the UE receives correspondinginformation at To4, the UE may perform power reduction for all of TO4,TO5, TO6, TO7, and TO8, or may perform power reduction for TO5, TO6,TO7, and TO8 according to the UE implementation.

That is, the UE may apply the method 1 or the method 2 according to theUE capability or situation.

In relation to the method 1 and the method 2, since the UE dropstransmission or performs transmit power reduction for an TO notinstructed, which is different from the conventional manner, the UE mayadditionally instruct the gNB to perform the operation. That is,although the UE is not instructed to perform transmission drop/powerreduction, it is possible to instruct an index of a TO in whichtransmission drop/power reduction is performed, a slot number in an SFN,or the like.

Method 3) An operation is achieved according to the existing criterionirrespective of the DMRS bundle.

When the aforementioned methods are used to drop transmission of alltransmission occasions of the DMRS bundle or to perform transmission byreducing any amount of power or when the conventional method is used todrop transmission of some transmission occasions of the DMRS bundle orto perform transmission by reducing any amount of power, the UE mayinstruct a corresponding cell to perform the operation in advance or ata later time. Such an instruction may report a DMRS bundle, in whichtransmit power is reduced or transmission is dropped, a transmissionoccasion, or a slot index in an SFN. Alternatively, for the DMRS bundlein which transmission is performed by reducing transmit power, the UEmay report a difference of transmit power reduced compared to theinstructed power, additionally or by including it in the aforementionedinstruction. Such an instruction may cause a deterioration of receptionperformance of the entire DMRS bundle when power consistency of the DMRSbundle is not maintained differently from the expectation of the gNB.Therefore, when the instruction is performed differently from theconventional operation, reception of the entire DMRS bundle may bedropped or decoding is performed except for a specific transmissionoccasion in the DMRS bundle, thereby preventing the deterioration ofreception performance.

Method 4) For a TO instructed to reduce transmit power or a TO whichneeds to perform transmission by reducing transmit power, the UE mayperform transmission by reducing transmit power. In this case, when amagnitude of the transmit power to be reduced is less than or equal to,or less than, a specific value (hereinafter, referred to as alpha), theUE may reduce the transmit power, and if the magnitude of the transmitpower to be reduced is greater than, or greater than or equal to, thealpha, the UE may apply the aforementioned method 1 or method 2. This isbecause a slight power variation for a DMRS bundle duration may notsignificantly affect channel estimation performance. In this case, avalue of alpha may be defined to be a fixed value in a standard, or maybe a value set from a network to the UE through RRC or the like. Inparticular, the value of alpha may be determined differently accordingto a current transmit power value. For example, when the currenttransmit power of the UE is P1, the value of alpha may be determined asa product between P1 and beta (herein, beta is a value greater than orequal to 0 and less than 1). In this case, a value of beta may bedefined to be a fixed value in the standard, or may be a value set fromthe network to the UE through RRC or the like.

[Uplink Power Control of DMRS Bundle According to UE Capability]

When the aforementioned method or the like is applied, transmit powerinformation of the UE may be obtained in advance for a specific timeduration with respect to an uplink signal/channel transmitted after acurrent time according to UE capability. Such a UE is called alook-ahead power control capable UE, and a time duration in which the UEis capable of predict transmit power may be called a look-ahead powercontrol capable time window. That is, if the look-ahead power controlcapable UE currently performs transmission in transmission of an i-thslot and if the look-ahead power control capable time window is n slots,the UE may obtain power control information in advance until an (i+n)-thslot. Power allocation for the DMRS bundle for the UE will be describedbelow according to whether the UE has corresponding capability.

First, power allocation of a DMRS bundle of a UE having look-ahead powercontrol capability is described.

Case 1) when the DMRS Bundle is Less than a Look-Ahead Power ControlCapable Time Window of the UE

The UE may calculate available power for each slot in a DMRS bundleduration, and may configure transmit power equally in allslots/transmission occasions (in a corresponding bundle) according tominimum power thereof.

Case 2) when the DMRS Bundle is Greater than the Look-Ahead PowerControl Capable Window of the UE

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a case where the DMRS bundle isgreater than the look-ahead power control capable window. Referring toFIG. 11, the DMRS bundle consists of 8 TOs, and the look-ahead powercontrol capable window of the UE consists of 4 slots.

In this situation, the look-ahead power control capable UE may considerthe following two operations.

Option 1) The UE may request to change a DMRS bundle size so that thelook-ahead power control capable time window and the DMRS bundle sizeare equal to each other or the DMRS bundle size is less than thelook-ahead power control capable time window. Alternatively, the UE mayreport in advance whether a look-ahead power control is capable and acorresponding time window size or the like to the gNB, and, based onthis, may expect that the DMRS bundle size is less than the look-aheadpower control capable time window.

Option 2) The UE may operate by assuming the same case as the case 1.That is, since the UE knows minimum power P1 for a look-ahead powercontrol capable duration, the UE may apply the minimum power, and mayalso equally apply the minimum power to the remaining TOs (TO5, TO6,TO7, TO8 of FIG. 11). However, among subsequent TOs, when transmit powerless than the minimum power P1 is instructed or when an operation is tobe performed based on power less than the minimum power, the UE mayallocate power less than P1 only in the TO or may allocate P1 againstthe instructed operation. Alternatively, among the subsequent TOs, for asubsequent TO including a TO in which transmit power less than theminimum power P1 is instructed or in which an operation is to beperformed based on power less than the minimum power, the UE performstransmission on all of them with the instructed transmit power and thusmay not maintain power consistency.

Next, power allocation of a DMRS bundle of a look-ahead power controlincapable UE will be described.

The UE may select a specific transmit power P1 in a bundle duration, andif available power in a subsequent slot is equal to P1 or is within aspecific range based on P1, the UE may perform transmission in acorresponding slot with corresponding power, and otherwise, may droptransmission in the corresponding slot. The transmit power P1 may betransmit power instructed for a transmission occasion corresponding to afirst slot in the bundle duration, or may be a value based onpre-agreement or based on transmittable power of the UE. Consideringthat the DMRS bundle has a purpose of extending uplink coverage throughchannel estimation performance enhancement, this value may be a valueobtained by subtracting a pre-agreed value from configured maximumtransmit power based on a power class of the UE or maximum transmittablepower of the UE. In addition, a range in which the UE determines whetherto drop transmission may be reported by the UE to the gNB according toUE capability, or may be a value which is known to the gNB and the UEthrough a pre-agreement.

[Timing Advance (TA) Command of DMRS Bundle]

When a slot boundary for a DMRS bundle is configured, a UE may not applya TPC command of uplink power control in the slot boundary. That is, theUE may ignore the TPC command received in the slot boundary for the DMRSbundle, or may apply it after the slot boundary by performingaccumulation in a corresponding duration instead of applying the TPCcommand in the slot boundary by determining that the accumulation forthe TPC command is configured. For example, if a gNB configures slotindices 3 and 9 to the UE as the slot boundary for the DMRS bundle, theTPC command of the PUSCH/PUCCH, received in a time duration from theslot index 3 to the slot index 9, may be ignored by the UE or the TPCcommand from the slot index 3 to the slot index 9 may be accumulated andapplied from a slot index 10.

In addition, the following two alternatives may be considered.

Alternative 4-1) The UE does not expect to receive the TPC commandduring the current time-domain window.

Alternative 4-2) If the UE receives the TPC command during the currenttime-domain window, the UE accumulates the received TPC command insteadof applying the TPC command.

For the aforementioned method of applying the TPC, the UE mayspecifically consider the following aspects.

For a procedure for a PUSCH power control of the UE, the existing UE mayuse tpc-Accumulation of an information element (IE) ofPUSCH-PowerControl to determine whether the TPC accumulation isenabled/disabled. When a corresponding value is set to be enabled, theUE may accumulate and apply the TPC command. Alternatively, when thisfield is absent, the UE may accumulate and apply the TPC command. Thatis, the UE may not apply the accumulation of the TPC command only whenthe tpc-Accumulation is set to be enabled.

For example, the UE may perform accumulation when the tpc-Accumulationis not provided. In addition, the UE does not perform accumulation whenthe tpc-Accumulation is provided.

When joint channel estimation is set to be enabled, according to themethod of the alternative 4-1, the UE may expect that the TPC command isnot received or may determine that the TPC command is always 0. Althoughthe method is simply implemented, a power control targeted by the gNBmay not be instantaneously performed. To solve this problem, a method inwhich the UE receives the TPC command during the joint channelestimation may be considered. However, power/phase consistency shall bemaintained for the DMRS bundle, and two considerations are required as aspecific method to achieve this. First, the same TPC command may beapplied to all PUSCH transmissions except for a first PUSCH in the DMRSbundle. To achieve this, applying of the TPC command in the DMRS bundleby the method of the alternatives 5-1-1 and 5-1-2 may be considered.Second, a TPC command different from a previous PUSCH may be appliedonly to the first PUSCH transmission of the DMRS bundle. To achievethis, applying of the alternatives 5-2-1, 5-2-2, and 5-2-3 may beconsidered. The following method is described for the PUSCH, but theaforementioned methods may also be applied to the PUCCH.

Alternative 5-1) When the joint channel estimation is set to be enabled,the UE is expected not to receive TPC command or not to receive the TPCcommand.

Specifically, for a PUSCH transmitted after joint channel estimation orDMRS bundling is set to be enabled through RRC, the UE may determinethat f_(b,f,c)(i,l), which is a PUSCH power adjustment state 1 for aPUSCH transmission occasion i and an active uplink bandwidth b of acarrier f of a serving cell c, is always 0. When the joint channelestimation is set to be disabled through RRC or when the joint channelestimation is not set to the UE through RRC, the TPC command may beapplied by the conventional method.

Alternatively, the UE may apply the TPC command received to be appliedto a PUSCH transmitted after the joint channel estimation is set to beenabled, not in unit of a transmission occasion but in unit of a DMRSbundle. To this end, the TPC command for transmission of a PUSCH exceptfor a first PUSCH among PUSCHs constituting the same DMRS bundle may beset to be equal to the previous PUSCH. As a method for this,alternatives 5-1-1 and 5-1-2 may be considered. To ensure power/phaseconsistency in the DMRS bundle, transmit power shall be changed due tothe TPC command. However, applying of the TPC command may be consideredfor transmission of the first PUSCH among the PUSCHs constituting theDMRS bundle. Therefore, for a method of applying the TPC command fortransmission of the first PUSCH among the PUSCHs constituting the DMRSbundle, alternatives 5-2-1, 5-2-2, and 5-2-3 may be considered.

Alternative 5-1-1) Regarding applying of the TPC command to the PUSCH,not the first transmitted PUSCH of the DMRS bundle, the UE may apply theTPC command of an immediately previous PUSCH.

f_(b,f,c)(i,l)=f_(b,f,c)(i−1,l) may be applied when a transmissionoccasion i and a transmission occasion i−1 have a DMRS bundlerelationship, or when it is set by the gNB to maintain power/phaseconsistency, or when the gNB expects that the transmission occasion iand a transmission occasion i−1 maintain power/phase consistency.

Alternative 5-1-2) The UE may change a set c(D_(i)) accumulated to applythe TPC command to the PUSCH, not the first transmitted PUSCH of theDMRS bundle. Herein, c(D₁) may be defined by the following table.

TABLE 9$\sum\limits_{m = 0}^{{C{(D_{i})}} - 1}{{\delta_{{PUSCH},\; b,f,c}\left( {m,l} \right)}\mspace{14mu}{is}\mspace{14mu} a\mspace{14mu}{sum}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu}{TPC}\mspace{14mu}{command}\mspace{14mu}{values}\mspace{14mu}{in}\mspace{14mu} a\mspace{14mu}{set}}$D_(i) of TPC command values with cardinality C(D_(i)) that the UEreceives between K_(PUSCH)(i − i₀) − 1 symbols before PUSCH transmissionoccasion i − i₀ and K_(PUSCH)(i) symbols before PUSCH transmissionoccasion i on active UL BWP b of carrier f of serving cell C for PUSCHpower control adjustment state l, where i₀ > 0 is the smallest integerfor which K_(PUSCH)(i − i₀) symbols before PUSCH transmission occasion i− i₀ is earlier than K_(PUSCH)(i) symbols before PUSCH transmissionoccasion i

When a PUSCH from a transmission occasion i to a transmission occasioni+k has a DMRS bundle relationship, the UE may apply a TPC command ofthe transmission occasion i for transmission occasions from atransmission occasion i+1 to a transmission occasion i+k. That is, whenthe PUSCH from the transmission occasion i to the transmission occasioni+k has the DMRS relationship, if the UE is configured by the gNB tomaintain power/phase consistency or if the gNB expects that power/phaseconsistency is to be maintained for the PUSCH from the transmissionoccasion i to the transmission occasion i+k, the UE may consider thatD_(i) is applied to all transmission occasions i+m greater than or equalto 1 and less than k. That is, the UE may assume that D_(i)=D_(i+1)= . .. =D_(i+k).

Alternative 5-2-1) For a TPC command applied to transmission of a firstPUSCH among PUSCHs constituting the DMRS bundle, the UE may accumulate areceived TPC command according to whether tpc-accumulation is enabledand c(d_(i)) as in the conventional operation.

Alternative 5-2-2) The UE may be instructed not to accumulate all TPCcommands applied to the transmission of the first PUSCH among the PUSCHsconstituting the DMRS bundle. That is, a TPC of an absolute value may beapplied to the transmission of the first PUSCH among the PUSCHsconstituting the DMRS bundle. That is, the UE may determine thattpc-Accumulation is provided.

Alternative 5-2-3) For the TPC command applied to transmission of thefirst PUSCH among the PUSCHs constituting the DMRS bundle, the UE mayaccumulate and apply all TPC commands received in a duration of the DMRSbundle. For this, a set c(D_(i)) may be modified. An elementconstituting the set c(D_(i)) may include K_(PUSCH)(i) and i₀, where i₀may be changed as follows.

The value i₀ may be fixed and used while joint channel estimation is setto be enabled through RRC. That is, the value i₀ may be set to the UEthrough RRC while joint channel estimation is set to be enabled throughRRC. Alternatively, the value i₀ to be used may be instructed to the UEwhen joint channel estimation is set to be enabled through RRC accordingto a pre-agreement or negotiation.

A method of changing the value i₀ to an index indicating first PUSCHtransmission of the DMRS bundle may be considered. That is, when jointchannel estimation is set to be enabled, the UE may apply a smallestnumber indicating a first PUSCH transmission occasion of an immediatelyprevious DMRS bundle for a transmission occasion i. In this case, if theimmediately previous DMRS bundle is absent, that is, if it istransmission of a first DMRS bundle in which joint channel estimation isset, the existing value i₀ may be applied. Alternatively, when adistance of the first PUSCH transmission occasion of the immediatelyprevious DMRS bundle is greater than or equal to a specific value, afixed value may be used. That is, a maximum value of i₀ may be set.

The aforementioned method may also be applied extendedly to a case wherethe TPC accumulation is not set to be enabled. That is, when theaccumulation of the TPC command is set, that is, when the UE is notprovided with tpc-Accumulation or tpc-Accumulation is enabled, and whenthe accumulation is not applied, that is, when tpc-Accumulation is notenabled, if the aforementioned content is applied to a case where jointchannel estimation is set to be enabled for the case where theaccumulation of the TPC command is applied, the aforementioned contentmay also be applied extendedly to the case where the TPC accumulation isnot applied.

Regarding the case where the TPC accumulation is not applied, aninstructed TPC command may be additionally applied to a TPC command of aprevious transmission occasion when it is accumulated, and an absolutevalue may be applied only to a corresponding transmission occasion whenit is not accumulated. Therefore, according to the existing operation,the instructed TPC may be an event since power consistency is changed.Herein, the event may mean a specific situation which makes itimpossible to guarantee power consistency and phase continuity for theDMRS bundle. Further, since it is applied only to the correspondingtransmission occasion, transmit power of a transmission occasion inwhich a TCP command is instructed may be different before and after theinstruction. Therefore, considering a time duration of the event,receiving/applying of the TPC command may be an event having a timeduration of 1 slot. In this case, since there is no misunderstandingbetween the UE and the gNB at an applying time point of the TPC command,the receiving/applying of the TPC command may be a semi-static event.Alternatively, similarly to the accumulated TPC, even if a TPC commandis instructed in a time domain window (TDW), improvement may beconsidered such as delaying of the applying of the TPC command. In thiscase, an operation of a case where two TPCs are instructed in the TDWmay be ambiguous, and if the applying is delayed due to a start of anext TDW, it is applied as an absolute value only in a correspondingtransmission occasion. Therefore, in this case, even if it is configuredwith an actual TDW, the time duration may also be 1 slot. If a length ofthe set TDW is equal to a length of the actual TDW in this case, theactual TDW may end at the same time of starting a first actual TDW in anewly set TDW. Therefore, rather than the improvement in this way, whenjoint channel estimation is set to be enabled, it may be treated thatTPC is always accumulated, which may be simpler and result in nomisunderstanding about a boundary of the TDW. That is, when the jointchannel estimation is set to be enabled, the UE may consider thefollowing two alternatives when the TPC accumulation is not applied.

Alternative 6-1) Applying of the TPC without accumulation is an eventhaving a time duration of 1 slot.

Herein, the event in which the applying of the TPC without accumulationhas a time duration of 1 slot may mean that the UE ends the actual TDWimmediately previous to a time-domain slot in which the TPC withoutaccumulation is expected to be applied. That is, it may mean that, whenthe UE in which joint channel estimation is set to be enabled isinstructed to apply the TPC without accumulation in an n-th slot, the UEmay end the actual TDW in at least an (n−1)-th slot and may start a newactual TDW from an n-th slot. Herein, the actual TDW may mean aconsecutive slot index at which the actual UE is expected to performtransmission for a DMRS bundle, i.e., transmission in which phasecontinuity and power continuity are maintained.

Alternative 6-2) Setting of joint channel estimation to be enabled meansthat TPC accumulation is set to be enabled.

As in the method of the alternative 6-1, the changing of the applyingtime point of the TPC without accumulation may impair schedulingflexibility of the gNB. Therefore, when joint channel estimation is setto be enabled through RRC, the UE may determine that it is set to enablethe TPC accumulation. That is, when the joint channel estimation is setto be enabled through RRC, the UE may determine that tpc-Accumulation isnot provided or that tpc-Accumulation is set to be enabled.

Meanwhile, when the UE receives a TA command in an uplink slot n, the UEmay perform adjustment of a corresponding uplink transmission timing ata start of an uplink slot n+k+1.

It may not be desirable in terms of joint channel estimation of the gNBto perform uplink timing adjustment in a DMRS bundle. Therefore, it maybe desirable to maintain an uplink timing of the UE in the DMRS bundle.

Accordingly, in order to maintain the uplink timing in the DMRS bundle,the operation of the UE may be limited so that the UE performs uplinktiming adjustment only when the first slot of the DMRS bundle starts.That is, the UE may perform the uplink timing adjustment in a firstuplink slot constituting the DMRS bundle, and may not perform the uplinktiming adjustment when the remaining uplink slots start.

To this end, the UE may specifically operate as follows. Upon receivinga TA command in an uplink slot n, the UE may perform adjustment of acorresponding uplink timing when a first slot of a nearest DMRS bundlestarts after an uplink slot n+k+1. The operation may be applied whenPUSCH/PUCCH transmission is repeatedly performed in the uplink slotn+k+1. If the uplink slot n+k+1 is located in a last DMRS bundleconstituting the PUSCH/PUCCH repetition, the UE may perform uplinktransmission timing adjustment for the TA command received in the uplinkslot n when a next uplink slot starts after PUSCH/PUCCH repetitiontransmission ends.

In addition, the UE may not perform the TA adjustment in the time-domainwindow. To this end, the following alternative may be considered.

Alternative 7-1) When the applying time point of the TA adjustmentinstructed to the UE is after joint channel estimation is set to beenabled through RRC, it may be expected that the UE ignores theinstructed TA adjustment or does not receive the TA adjustment.

Alternative 7-2) When the applying time point of the TA adjustmentinstructed to the UE is after joint channel estimation is set to beenabled through RRC, the UE may apply the instructed TA adjustment inpreference to the time-domain window.

Since the UE performs the TA adjustment at the applying time pointaccording to the existing operation and the gNB knows an exact TAadjustment applying time point of the UE, it may be expected that the UEdoes not maintain the time-domain window at a corresponding time.Alternatively, a boundary of the time-domain window may be changed asthe UE applies the TA adjustment. Alternatively, for commonunderstanding of the gNB and the UE, when there is a change in theboundary of the time-domain window based on the applying of the TAadjustment, the UE may report the change in the boundary to the gNB.

The UE may expect a change in a transmission characteristic of the UE asthe boundary of the time-domain window changes according to the applyingof the TA adjustment. That is, the UE may perform the TPC command or thelike together at the applying time point of the TA adjustment.

That is, when the UE in which joint channel estimation is set to beenabled is instructed to apply the TA adjustment in the n-th slot, theUE may end an actual TDW in at least in the (n−1)-th slot, and may starta new actual TDW from the n-th slot. Herein, the actual TDW may mean aconsecutive slot index at which the actual UE is expected to performtransmission for a DMRS bundle, i.e., transmission in which phasecontinuity and power continuity are maintained.

Alternative 7-3) When the applying time point of the TA adjustmentinstructed to the UE is after the joint channel estimation is set to beenabled through RRC, the UE may apply the instructed TA adjustdifferently from the existing applying time point.

According to the existing operation, the UE may apply the timingadjustment received in the uplink slot n at the start of the uplink slotn+k+1. However, in a state where joint channel estimation is set to beenabled, that is, when timing adjustment is applied to an uplink slot inwhich a time-domain window is configured, the applying time point of thetiming adjustment may be changed as follows. When the uplink slot n+kand the uplink slot n+k+1 belong to the same time-domain window, the UEmay apply timing adjustment to a start time point of a first uplink slotafter the time-domain window ends.

In other words, when the uplink slot n+k and the uplink slot n+k+1belong to the same time-domain window, adjustment corresponding to anuplink transmission timing may be applied to a start time point of afirst uplink slot after the time-domain window.

Alternatively, it may be considered to change the value k. That is, forthe applying time point, it may be considered that, if the UE is in astate where the joint channel estimation is set to be enabled throughRRC, the UE may apply the TA adjustment by changing the value k, or mayconsider that a time-domain window is included in the value k. Forexample, it may be considered to change the existing definition of thevalue k as follows.

The existing definition of Equation 7 may be changed to Equation 8.

k=┌N _(slot) ^(subframe,μ)·(N _(T,1) +N _(T,2) +N _(TA,max)+0.5)/T_(sf)┐  [Equation 7]

k=┌N _(slot) ^(subframe,μ)·(N _(T,1) +N _(T,2) +N _(TA,max)+0.5)/T_(sf)┐+γ  [Equation 8]

Herein, γ denotes the minimum number of slots indicating a first slot ofthe time-domain window. γ may be a value greater than or equal to 0 andless than TDW. TDW may be a time-domain window when joint channelestimation is set to be enabled. γ may be 0 o when the joint channelestimation is disabled.

Alternative 7-4) When the applying time point of the TA adjustmentinstructed to the UE is after the joint channel estimation is set to beenabled through RRC, the UE may determine whether the TA adjustment isperformed according to a value of the instructed TA adjustment.

When the value of the instructed TA adjustment is greater than or equalto a specific value k according to a pre-agreement or the like, the UEmay perform the TA adjustment, and when the value is less than k, the UEmay not perform the TA adjustment.

Alternatively, when the instructed TA adjustment is greater than orequal to the specific value k, the UE may apply the TA adjustment inpreference to the time-domain window, and when the TA adjustment is lessthan or equal to the specific value k, the UE may not perform the TAadjustment, or may change the applying time point of the instructed TAadjustment preferentially for the time-domain window.

Applying of the TA adjustment by the UE in preference to the time-domainwindow according to the aforementioned method of the like may mean thatthe UE applies the TA adjustment to the instructed time-domain window orwithin a time duration in which the gNB expects that the UE will applythe time-domain window in an implicit manner. This means that time/phaseconsistency which is a requirement of the time-domain window is notmaintained, and thus the UE may report to the gNB that the time-domainwindow is not maintained. For the applying time point of the timingadjustment, the aforementioned method of the alternative 7-3 may beapplied.

In addition, the specific value k may be a fixed value based on apre-agreement, and may be a value determined based on a cyclic prefix(CP) length. That is, the UE in which transmission is performed bysetting joint channel estimation to be enabled may calculate a specificvalue from a parameter cyclicPrefix indicated by an uplink BWP, and maydetermine whether to apply the instructed TA adjustment based on this.

In addition, discussion on UE autonomous adjustment is required. Herein,TA adjustment and UE uplink timing autonomous adjustment may cause aphase change. In addition, it is required to define the UE uplink timingautonomous adjustment and to define an applying timing.

Herein, when the received downlink timing is changed and is notcompensated or when it is compensated only partially by the uplinktiming adjustment without the timing advance command, the UE may changeN_(TA) (timing advance of MAC-CE or RAR) according thereto.

Therefore, since the UE autonomous adjustment causes a phase change, twocases may be considered for an applying time point. The applying timepoint of the UE autonomous adjustment may be defined in a standard orthe like. Alternatively, when the UE autonomous adjustment is executedin a state where joint channel estimation is set to be enabled, the UEmay report an execution time point to the gNB. That is, when actual TDWends due to the UE autonomous TA adjustment, the UE may report this.Since it is inefficient to define all applying time points of UEautonomous coordination, it may be desirable to adopt the latter method.That is, when the actual TDW ends due to UE autonomous TA adjustment ina state where joint channel estimation is set to be enabled, the UE mayat least report the end of the actual TDW.

In addition, according to the existing standard, when two adjacent slotsoverlap due to the TA command, a duration of the latter slot may bereduced compared to the former slot. Therefore, when the TA adjustmentis executed at the TDW boundary or is treated as an event, a length of aslot located at a later position on a time domain may be reducedaccording to the TA adjustment. Herein, since how the slot located atthe later position is reduced is not clearly defined, a method thereofneeds to be defined. That is, a first symbol of a slot to be reduced maybe decreased, or a last symbol of the slot may be decreased. In allcases, there is a need to define whether the slot to be decreased isincluded in a TDW. As a simple method, the slot to be decreased may notbe included in the TDW. Two methods in which the slot to be decreased isincluded in the TDW may be considered. First, it may be treated/assumedthat the first symbol of the decreased slot does not exist. Second, itmay be treated/assumed that the last symbol does not exist. When thefirst symbol is removed, if a PUSCH is transmitted in the slot and isincluded in the TDW, a start point of the actual TDW needs to be newlydefined. That is, it may be expected that, when joint channel estimationis set to be enabled, the UE is instructed to perform TA adjustment atan n-th slot, and when an (n+1)-th slot is decreased due to theinstruction, the n-th slot and the (n+1)-th slot do not construct oneDMRS bundle. That is, if the n-th slot and an (n−1)-th slot have a DMRSbundle relationship, the UE may determine that the DMRS bundle ends evenif there is no instruction of the gNB at the n-th slot.

Regarding a window duration for joint channel estimation or a durationin which the DMRS bundle is configured, if a condition of casesdescribed below is satisfied for a corresponding duration orirrespective of a corresponding window duration, the UE may changetransmit power, a transmission timing, a transmission pre-coder, or thelike. That is, if the following condition is satisfied, the UE may set asignal characteristic (e.g., a modulation order, a phase, power, aprecoder, a transmission timing, etc.) expected to be identical betweena current transmission occasion and an immediately previous transmissionoccasion for the purpose of joint channel estimation. Operationsdescribed below may be performed when one or a plurality of conditionsare satisfied.

Case 1) when Separated by at Least a Specific Time from an ImmediatelyPrevious Transmission Occasion

When N or more slots in which transmission is not performed are presentbetween the i-th uplink transmission occasion of the UE and the (i−1)-thuplink transmission occasion, the UE may configure the transmit power,timing, precoder, transmission timing, or the like of the i-thtransmission occasion differently from the power, timing, precoder,transmission timing, or the like of the (i−1)-th transmission occasion.Herein, the value N may be set to RRC/MAC-CE/DCI, or the like in the UEaccording to a pre-negotiation, or may be determined to a value based onUE capability.

Case 2) when a Downlink Symbol or Slot is Present Between UplinkTransmission Occasions

When the UE receives a downlink signal between the i-th uplinktransmission occasion and an N-th uplink transmission occasion nearestto the i-th uplink transmission occasion, i.e., an (i+N)-th uplinktransmission occasion, or is instructed to perform monitoring in aspecific slot/symbol for the purpose of receiving a downlink signal, oris expected to perform monitoring in the specific slot/symbol for thepurpose of receiving the downlink signal, the UE may set a modulationorder, a phase, power, a precoder, a transmission timing, or the likedifferently for a duration from a last symbol of transmission of thei-th uplink transmission occasion to a previous symbol of a first symbolof the (i+N)-th uplink transmission occasion.

Case 3) when Uplink Transmission is Performed, Except for an Uplink forJoint Channel Estimation, or when Instructed to Perform Another UplinkTransmission

The UE may perform joint channel estimation for a specific CC in whichCA/DC is performed. When an i-th uplink transmission occasion collideswith uplink transmission of another component carrier (CC) or whentransmit power of the i-th uplink transmission occasion in which jointchannel estimation is performed needs to be decreased according to theconventional method due to the occurrence of collision, the UE may set amodulation order, a phase, power, a precoder, a transmission timing, orthe like differently for a corresponding transmission occasion.Alternatively, if the UE performs a single-cell operation not in a CA/DCsituation, when transmission of another uplink signal is configured in acurrent CC, not uplink transmission aiming at joint channel estimation,the UE may set a modulation order, a phase, power, a precoder, atransmission timing, or the like differently for a correspondingtransmission occasion.

Case 4) when Instructed to Change a Transmission PRB Position of anUplink Transmission Occasion

Due to inter-frequency hopping or intra-frequency hopping or the like,according to the conventional method or a frequency hopping methodimproved for the purpose of joint channel estimation or the like, it maybe expected that a PRB is different between (i−1)-th transmission andi-th transmission or the UE may be instructed to transmit another PRB orconfigured to change an uplink BWP. In this case, the UE may performtransmission by configuring the transmit power, timing, precoder,transmission timing, or the like of the i-th transmission occasiondifferently from the power, timing, precoder, transmission timing, orthe like of the (i−1)-th transmission occasion.

Case 5) when a TA Command is Received or when an Applying Time Point ofthe TA Command Arrives

When the UE receives the TA command in an i-th slot or is configured toapply the TA command in the i-th slot or symbol or when it is expectedto apply the TA command in the i-th slot or symbol, the UE may performtransmission by changing transmit power, a timing, a precoder, or thelike.

Regarding a time duration in which a specific transmission parametersuch as a timing, power, a phase, a precoder, or the like is designatedto be identical or to have at least a specific similarity, or even if itis not designated, it is expected to be identical or to have at leastthe specific similarity, if it corresponds to the case 1 to the case 5or the like, the UE may not maintain the transmission parameters.

Hereinafter, various embodiments proposed in the present specificationare described. FIG. 12 illustrates an example of an uplink transmissionmethod of a UE according to some implementations of the presentspecification.

The UE receives repetition transmission configuration information(S1210). The repetition transmission configuration information may beinformation for configuring repetition transmission for a physicaluplink channel to the UE. The repetition transmission configurationinformation may report a plurality of time-domain resource sets in whichthe repetition transmission is performed. Each of the plurality oftime-domain resource sets may be configured repeatedly in a time domain,based on the repetition transmission configuration information.

When a specific resource is included in a specific time-domain resourceset included in the plurality of time-domain resource sets, the UEperforms repetition transmission on the physical uplink channel in anactual time-domain resource set included in the specific time-domainresource set (S1220). The physical uplink channel may be at least one ofa PUCCH and a PUSCH.

Herein, the specific resource may be a resource which cannot be used bythe UE. Alternatively, the specific resource may be a resource in whichan event occurs. The event may be pre-defined. The event may be anoperation of determining that the channel characteristic cannot bemaintained. For example, timing adjustment based on a TA commandtransmitted by a BS to the UE may be defined by the event. That is, thespecific resource may include a resource in which the UE receives the TAcommand from the BS.

In addition, the actual time-domain resource set may start from aresource (e.g., a symbol) immediately subsequent to the specificresource on a time domain. The actual time-domain resource set may endat a last resource configured as the specific time-domain resource seton the time domain. Alternatively, the actual time-domain resource setmay end at a resource immediately previous to another specific resourceamong resources configured as the specific time-domain resource set.

Herein, for example, the plurality of time-domain resource sets may beconfigured for transmission of a DMRS bundle. A resource configuredthrough the DMRS bundle may be configured to have the same channelcharacteristic or to be included within a specific range. Herein, for aspecific transmission occasion of the UE, the DMRS bundle may mean atime-axis duration of an aggregation of two or more such transmissionoccasions if a channel characteristic such as a phase, transmit power,physical resource block (PRB), modulation order, transmission timing, orthe like is expected to be the same as, or to have at least a specificlevel of similarity with, that of another transmission occasion in whichthe UE performs transmission, or if it is instructed to maintain thesame or at least the specific level of similarity. Alternatively, fortransmission occasions of pre-agreed specific durations, the DMRS bundlemay mean a time-axis duration of such transmission occasions if a phase,transmit power, PRB, modulation order, transmission timing, or the likeis expected to be the same, or to have at least a specific level ofsimilarity, or if it is instructed to maintain the same or at least thespecific level of similarity.

Herein, each of the plurality of time-domain resource sets for the DMRSbundle may be named a configured time domain window (TDW). In addition,when the specific resource is present in the configured TDW, the UE maytransmit the DMRS bundle on an actual TDW. In this case, the actual TDWmay be the same as the actual time-domain resource set.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a timing advance (TA) adjustmentmethod of a UE according to some implementations of the presentspecification.

The UE receives repetition transmission configuration information(S1310). The repetition transmission configuration information may beinformation for configuring repetition transmission for a physicaluplink channel to the UE. The repetition transmission configurationinformation may report a plurality of time-domain resource sets in whichthe repetition transmission is performed. Each of the plurality oftime-domain resource sets may be configured repeatedly in a time domain,based on the repetition transmission configuration information. Inaddition, the physical uplink channel may be at least one of a PUCCH anda PUSCH.

When a specific resource is included in a specific time-domain resourceset included in the plurality of time-domain resource sets, the UEdetermines an actual time-domain resource set included in the specifictime-domain resource set (S1320). Herein, the specific resource may be aresource which cannot be used by the UE. Alternatively, the specificresource may be a resource in which an event occurs. The event may bepre-defined. The event may be an operation of determining that thechannel characteristic cannot be maintained. For example, timingadjustment based on a TA command transmitted by a BS to the UE may bedefined by the event. That is, the specific resource may include aresource in which the UE receives the TA command from the BS.

Herein, the UE may determine whether to perform UE autonomous TAadjustment. The UE autonomous TA adjustment may mean TA adjustmentperformed by the UE when the UE does not receive the TA command from theBS. When a specific condition is satisfied, the UE may perform the UEautonomous TA adjustment. For example, when a timing difference betweenan uplink resource and a downlink resource on a time domain is greaterthan a threshold, the UE may perform the UE autonomous TA adjustment.

Herein, even if the UE determines that the UE autonomous TA adjustmentis necessary, the UE may not perform the UE autonomous TA adjustment inthe actual time-domain resource set. For example, if the UE determinesthat the UE autonomous TA adjustment is necessary in the actualtime-domain resource, the UE may not perform the UE autonomous TAadjustment in the actual time-domain resource set, and my perform the UEautonomous TA adjustment when the actual time-domain resource set ends.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a method of configuring repetitiontransmission of a UE, performed by a BS, according to someimplementations of the present specification.

Referring to FIG. 14, the BS transmits repetition transmissionconfiguration information to the UE (S1410). The repetition transmissionconfiguration information may be information for configuring repetitiontransmission for a physical uplink channel to the UE. The repetitiontransmission configuration information may report a plurality oftime-domain resource sets in which the repetition transmission isperformed. Each of the plurality of time-domain resource sets may beconfigured repeatedly in a time domain, based on the repetitiontransmission configuration information. In addition, the physical uplinkchannel may be at least one of a PUCCH and a PUSCH.

The BS transmits to the UE a timing advance (TA) command in a specificresource in a specific time-domain resource set included in theplurality of time-domain resource sets (S1420). Herein, for example, theplurality of time-domain resource sets may be configured fortransmission of the DMRS bundle. Herein, for a specific transmissionoccasion of the UE, the DMRS bundle may mean a time-axis duration of anaggregation of two or more such transmission occasions if a channelcharacteristic such as a phase, transmit power, physical resource block(PRB), modulation order, transmission timing, or the like is expected tobe the same as, or to have at least a specific level of similarity with,that of another transmission occasion in which the UE performstransmission, or if it is instructed to maintain the same or at leastthe specific level of similarity. Alternatively, for transmissionoccasions of pre-agreed specific durations, the DMRS bundle may mean atime-axis duration of such transmission occasions if a phase, transmitpower, PRB, modulation order, transmission timing, or the like isexpected to be the same, or to have at least a specific level ofsimilarity, or if it is instructed to maintain the same or at least thespecific level of similarity.

The BS receives from the UE a DMRS bundle in an actual time-domainresource set included in the specific time-domain resource set (S1430).Herein, a timing at which the DMRS bundle is transmitted is a timing atwhich TA adjustment based on the TA command is not applied.

Methods proposed in the present specification may be performed by notonly a UE but also at least one computer readable medium, which includesan instruction to be executed by at least one processor, and anapparatus configured to control the UE, which includes one or moreprocessors and one or more memories operatively coupled by the one ormore processors and storing instructions. Herein, the one or moreprocessors execute the instructions to perform the methods proposed inthe present specification. In addition, according to the methodsproposed in the present specification, it is obvious that an operationbased on a BS corresponding to an operation performed by the UE is alsoconsidered.

Hereinafter, an example of a communication system to which thedisclosure is applied is described.

Various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed herein may be applied to, but notlimited to, various fields requiring wireless communication/connection(e.g., 5G) between devices.

Hereinafter, specific examples are illustrated with reference todrawings. In the following drawings/description, unless otherwiseindicated, like reference numerals may refer to like or correspondinghardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks.

FIG. 15 illustrates a communication system 1 applied to the disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 15, the communication system 1 applied to thedisclosure includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network.Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communicationusing a radio access technology (e.g., 5G new RAT (NR) or Long-TermEvolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5Gdevice. The wireless device may include, but limited to, a robot 100 a,a vehicle 100 b-1 and 100 b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100 c, ahand-held device 100 d, a home appliance 100 e, an Internet of things(IoT) device 100 f, and an AI device/server 400. For example, thevehicle may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function,an autonomous driving vehicle, a vehicle capable of inter-vehiclecommunication, or the like. Here, the vehicle may include an unmannedaerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may includeaugmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR)/mixed reality (MR) devicesand may be configured as a head-mounted device (HMD), a vehicularhead-up display (HUD), a television, a smartphone, a computer, awearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot,or the like. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad,a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch or smart glasses), and a computer(e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator,a washing machine, and the like. The IoT device may include a sensor, asmart meter, and the like. The base station and the network may beconfigured, for example, as wireless devices, and a specific wirelessdevice 200 a may operate as a base station/network node for otherwireless devices.

Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wirelessdevice of the present disclosure may include a narrowband Internet ofThings for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR, and 6G. At thistime, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low power widearea network (LPWAN) technology, and may be implemented in standardssuch as LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2, may be implemented in thestandard of LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to thenames mentioned above. Additionally or alternatively, the wirelesscommunication technology implemented in the wireless device of thepresent disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology.In this case, as an example, the LTE-M technology may be an example ofan LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as enhancedmachine type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may beimplemented by at least any one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited),5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and/or 7) LTE M, and isnot limited to the names described above. Additionally or alternatively,the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless deviceof the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth,and LPWAN considering low power communication and is not limited to thenames described above. For example, the ZigBee technology may createpersonal area networks (PAN) related to small/low-power digitalcommunication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and maybe called by various names.

The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connected to the network 300through the base station 200. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologymay be applied to the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f, and the wirelessdevices 100 a to 100 f may be connected to an AI server 400 through thenetwork 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G(e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices100 a to 100 f may communicate with each other via the base station200/network 300 and may also perform direct communication (e.g. sidelinkcommunication) with each other without passing through the basestation/network. For example, the vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2 mayperform direct communication (e.g. vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)/vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). Further, the IoTdevice (e.g., a sensor) may directly communicate with another IoT device(e.g., a sensor) or another wireless device 100 a to 100 f.

Wireless communications/connections 150 a, 150 b, and 150 c may beestablished between the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f and the basestation 200 and between the base stations 200. Here, the wirelesscommunications/connections may be established by various wireless accesstechnologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink/downlink communication 150 a,sidelink communication 150 b (or D2D communication), and inter-basestation communication 150 c (e.g., relay or integrated access backhaul(IAB)). The wireless devices and the base station/wireless devices, andthe base stations may transmit/receive radio signals to/from each otherthrough the wireless communications/connections 150 a, 150 b, and 150 c.For example, the wireless communications/connections 150 a, 150 b, and150 c may transmit/receive signals over various physical channels. Tothis end, at least some of various configuration information settingprocesses, various signal processing processes (e.g., channelencoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, resource mapping/demapping,and the like), and resource allocation processes may be performed on thebasis of various proposals of the disclosure.

FIG. 16 illustrates a wireless device that is applicable to thedisclosure.

Referring to FIG. 16, a first wireless device 100 and a second wirelessdevice 200 may transmit and receive radio signals through various radioaccess technologies (e.g., LTE and NR). Here, the first wireless device100 and the second wireless device 200 may respectively correspond to awireless device 100 x and the base station 200 of FIG. 15 and/or mayrespectively correspond to a wireless device 100 x and a wireless device100 x of FIG. 15.

The first wireless device 100 includes at least one processor 102 and atleast one memory 104 and may further include at least one transceiver106 and/or at least one antenna 108. The processor 102 may be configuredto control the memory 104 and/or the transceiver 106 and to implementthe descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 102may process information in the memory 104 to generate firstinformation/signal and may then transmit a radio signal including thefirst information/signal through the transceiver 106. In addition, theprocessor 102 may receive a radio signal including secondinformation/signal through the transceiver 106 and may store informationobtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in thememory 104. The memory 104 may be connected to the processor 102 and maystore various pieces of information related to the operation of theprocessor 102. For example, the memory 104 may store a software codeincluding instructions to perform some or all of processes controlled bythe processor 102 or to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.Here, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be part of acommunication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a radiocommunication technology (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may beconnected with the processor 102 and may transmit and/or receive a radiosignal via the at least one antennas 108. The transceiver 106 mayinclude a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may bereplaced with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In the disclosure, thewireless device may refer to a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200 includes at least one processor 202 andat least one memory 204 and may further include at least one transceiver206 and/or at least one antenna 208. The processor 202 may be configuredto control the memory 204 and/or the transceiver 206 and to implementthe descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202may process information in the memory 204 to generate thirdinformation/signal and may then transmit a radio signal including thethird information/signal through the transceiver 206. In addition, theprocessor 202 may receive a radio signal including fourthinformation/signal through the transceiver 206 and may store informationobtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signal in thememory 204. The memory 204 may be connected to the processor 202 and maystore various pieces of information related to the operation of theprocessor 202. For example, the memory 204 may store a software codeincluding instructions to perform some or all of processes controlled bythe processor 202 or to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.Here, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be part of acommunication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a radiocommunication technology (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may beconnected with the processor 202 and may transmit and/or receive a radiosignal via the at least one antennas 208. The transceiver 206 mayinclude a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may bereplaced with an RF unit. In the disclosure, the wireless device mayrefer to a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 aredescribed in detail. At least one protocol layer may be implemented, butlimited to, by the at least one processor 102 and 202. For example, theat least one processor 102 and 202 may implement at least one layer(e.g., a functional layer, such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAPlayers). The at least one processor 102 and 202 may generate at leastone protocol data unit (PDU) and/or at least one service data unit (SDU)according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. The at leastone processor 102 and 202 may generate a message, control information,data, or information according to the descriptions, functions,procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosedherein. The at least one processor 102 and 202 may generate a signal(e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, an SDU, a message, controlinformation, data, or information according to the functions,procedures, proposals, and/or methods disclosed herein and may providethe signal to the at least one transceiver 106 and 206. The at least oneprocessor 102 and 202 may receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal)from the at least one transceiver 106 and 206 and may obtain a PDU, anSDU, a message, control information, data, or information according tothe descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed herein.

The at least one processor 102 and 202 may be referred to as acontroller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. Theat least one processor 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware,firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, at least oneapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digitalsignal processor (DSP), at least one digital signal processing devices(DSPD), at least one programmable logic devices (PLD), or at least onefield programmable gate array (FPGA) may be included in the at least oneprocessor 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein maybe implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or softwaremay be configured to include modules, procedures, functions, and thelike. The firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowchartsdisclosed herein may be included in the at least one processor 102 and202 or may be stored in the at least one memory 104 and 204 and may beexecuted by the at least one processor 102 and 202. The descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowchartsdisclosed herein may be implemented in the form of a code, aninstruction, and/or a set of instructions using firmware or software.

The at least one memory 104 and 204 may be connected to the at least oneprocessor 102 and 202 and may store various forms of data, signals,messages, information, programs, codes, indications, and/or commands.The at least one memory 104 and 204 may be configured as a ROM, a RAM,an EPROM, a flash memory, a hard drive, a register, a cache memory, acomputer-readable storage medium, and/or a combinations thereof. The atleast one memory 104 and 204 may be disposed inside and/or outside theat least one processor 102 and 202. In addition, the at least one memory104 and 204 may be connected to the at least one processor 102 and 202through various techniques, such as a wired or wireless connection.

The at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may transmit user data, controlinformation, a radio signal/channel, or the like mentioned in themethods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein to at leastdifferent device. The at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may receiveuser data, control information, a radio signal/channel, or the likementioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein from at leastone different device. For example, the at least one transceiver 106 and206 may be connected to the at least one processor 102 and 202 and maytransmit and receive a radio signal. For example, the at least oneprocessor 102 and 202 may control the at least one transceiver 106 and206 to transmit user data, control information, or a radio signal to atleast one different device. In addition, the at least one processor 102and 202 may control the at least one transceiver 106 and 206 to receiveuser data, control information, or a radio signal from at least onedifferent device. The at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may beconnected to the at least one antenna 108 and 208 and may be configuredto transmit or receive user data, control information, a radiosignal/channel, or the like mentioned in the descriptions, functions,procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosedherein through the at least one antenna 108 and 208. In this document,the at least one antenna may be a plurality of physical antennas or maybe a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). The at leastone transceiver 106 and 206 may convert a received radio signal/channelfrom an RF band signal into a baseband signal in order to processreceived user data, control information, a radio signal/channel, or thelike using the at least one processor 102 and 202. The at least onetransceiver 106 and 206 may convert user data, control information, aradio signal/channel, or the like, processed using the at least oneprocessor 102 and 202, from a baseband signal to an RF bad signal. Tothis end, the at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may include an(analog) oscillator and/or a filter.

FIG. 17 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmissionsignal.

Referring to FIG. 17, the signal processing circuit 1000 may include ascrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a precoder 1040,a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060.Operations/functions illustrated with reference to FIG. 17 may beperformed, but not limited to, in the processor 102 and 202 and/or thetransceiver 106 and 206 of FIG. 16. Hardware elements illustrated inFIG. 17 may be configured in the processor 102 and 202 and/or thetransceiver 106 and 206 of FIG. 16. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 maybe configured in the processor 102 and 202 of FIG. 16. Alternatively,blocks 1010 to 1050 may be configured in the processor 102 and 202 ofFIG. 16, and a block 1060 may be configured in the transceiver 106 and206 of FIG. 16.

A codeword may be converted into a radio signal via the signalprocessing circuit 1000 of FIG. 17. Here, the codeword is an encoded bitsequence of an information block. The information block may include atransport block (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block and a DL-SCH transportblock). The radio signal may be transmitted through various physicalchannels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

Specifically, the codeword may be converted into a scrambled bitsequence by the scrambler 1010. A scrambled sequence used for scramblingis generated on the basis of an initialization value, and theinitialization value may include ID information about a wireless device.The scrambled bit sequence may be modulated into a modulation symbolsequence by the modulator 1020. A modulation scheme may includepi/2-binary phase shift keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying(m-PSK), m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM), and the like. Acomplex modulation symbol sequence may be mapped to at least onetransport layer by the layer mapper 1030. Modulation symbols of eachtransport layer may be mapped to a corresponding antenna port(s) by theprecoder 1040 (precoding). Output z from the precoder 1040 may beobtained by multiplying output y from the layer mapper 1030 by aprecoding matrix W of N*M, where N is the number of antenna ports, and Mis the number of transport layers. Here, the precoder 1040 may performprecoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) oncomplex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 may performprecoding without performing transform precoding.

The resource mapper 1050 may map a modulation symbol of each antennaport to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource mayinclude a plurality of symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols or DFT-s-OFDMAsymbols) in the time domain and may include a plurality of subcarriersin the frequency domain. The signal generator 1060 may generate a radiosignal from mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signalmay be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end,the signal generator 1060 may include an inverse fast Fourier transform(IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analogconverter (DAC), a frequency upconverter, and the like.

A signal processing procedure for a received signal in a wireless devicemay be performed in the reverse order of the signal processing procedure1010 to 1060 of FIG. 17. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100 and200 of FIG. 16) may receive a radio signal from the outside through anantenna port/transceiver. The received radio signal may be convertedinto a baseband signal through a signal reconstructor. To this end, thesignal reconstructor may include a frequency downconverter, ananalog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fouriertransform (FFT) module. The baseband signal may be reconstructed to acodeword through resource demapping, postcoding, demodulation, anddescrambling. The codeword may be reconstructed to an originalinformation block through decoding. Thus, a signal processing circuit(not shown) for a received signal may include a signal reconstructor, aresource demapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a descrambler and adecoder.

FIG. 18 illustrates another example of a wireless device applied to thedisclosure. The wireless device may be configured in various formsdepending on usage/service.

Referring to FIG. 18, the wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond tothe wireless device 100 and 200 of FIG. 16 and may include variouselements, components, units, and/or modules. For example, the wirelessdevice 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit120, a memory unit 130, and additional components 140. The communicationunit may include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver(s) 114.For example, the communication circuit 112 may include the at least oneprocessor 102 and 202 and/or the at least one memory 104 and 204 of FIG.16. For example, the transceiver(s) 114 may include the at least onetransceiver 106 and 206 and/or the at least one antenna 108 and 208 ofFIG. 16. The control unit 120 is electrically connected to thecommunication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additionalcomponents 140 and controls overall operations of the wireless device.For example, the control unit 120 may control electrical/mechanicaloperations of the wireless device on the basis of aprogram/code/command/information stored in the memory unit 130. Inaddition, the control unit 120 may transmit information stored in thememory unit 130 to the outside (e.g., a different communication device)through a wireless/wired interface via the communication unit 110 or maystore, in the memory unit 130, information received from the outside(e.g., a different communication device) through the wireless/wiredinterface via the communication unit 110.

The additional components 140 may be configured variously depending onthe type of the wireless device. For example, the additional components140 may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output(I/O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless devicemay be configured, but not limited to, as a robot (100 a in FIG. 15), avehicle (100 b-1 or 100 b-2 in FIG. 15), an XR device (100 c in FIG.15), a hand-held device (100 d in FIG. 15), a home appliance (100 e inFIG. 15), an IoT device (100 f in FIG. 15), a terminal for digitalbroadcasting, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device,a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a securitydevice, a climate/environmental device, an AI server/device (400 in FIG.15), a base station (200 in FIG. 15), a network node, or the like. Thewireless device may be mobile or may be used in a fixed place dependingon usage/service.

In FIG. 18, all of the various elements, components, units, and/ormodules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 may be connected to eachother through a wired interface, or at least some thereof may bewirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example,the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be connected viaa cable in the wireless device 100 and 200, and the control unit 120 anda first unit (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelessly connected through thecommunication unit 110. In addition, each element, component, unit,and/or module in wireless device 100 and 200 may further include atleast one element. For example, the control unit 120 may include atleast one processor set. For example, the control unit 120 may beconfigured as a set of a communication control processor, an applicationprocessor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processingprocessor, a memory control processor, and the like. In another example,the memory unit 130 may include a random-access memory (RAM), a dynamicRAM (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory,a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.

Next, an illustrative configuration of FIG. 18 is described in detailwith reference to the accompanying drawing.

FIG. 19 illustrates a hand-held device applied to the disclosure. Thehand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device(e.g., a smart watch or smart glasses), and a portable computer (e.g., anotebook). The hand-held device may be referred to as a mobile station(MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), asubscriber station (SS), an advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wirelessterminal (WT).

Referring to FIG. 19, the hand-held device 100 may include an antennaunit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit130, a power supply unit 140 a, an interface unit 140 b, and aninput/output unit 140 c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as apart of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130/140 a to 140 ccorrespond to the blocks 110 to 130/140 in FIG. 18, respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive a signal (e.g.,data, a control signal, or the like) to and from other wireless devicesand base stations. The control unit 120 may control various componentsof the hand-held device 100 to perform various operations. The controlunit 120 may include an application processor (AP). The memory unit 130may store data/parameter/program/code/command necessary to drive thehand-held device 100. Further, the memory unit 130 may storeinput/output data/information. The power supply unit 140 a suppliespower to the hand-held device 100 and may include a wired/wirelesscharging circuit, a battery, and the like. The interface unit 140 b maysupport a connection between the hand-held device 100 and a differentexternal device. The interface unit 140 b may include various ports(e.g., an audio input/output port and a video input/output port) forconnection to an external device. The input/output unit 140 c mayreceive or output image information/signal, audio information/signal,data, and/or information input from a user. The input/output unit 140 cmay include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit140 d, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

For example, in data communication, the input/output unit 140 c mayobtain information/signal (e.g., a touch, text, voice, an image, and avideo) input from the user, and the obtained information/signal may bestored in the memory unit 130. The communication unit 110 may convertinformation/signal stored in the memory unit into a radio signal and maytransmit the converted radio signal directly to a different wirelessdevice or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit 110 mayreceive a radio signal from a different wireless device or the basestation and may reconstruct the received radio signal to originalinformation/signal. The reconstructed information/signal may be storedin the memory unit 130 and may then be output in various forms (e.g.,text, voice, an image, a video, and a haptic form) through theinput/output unit 140 c.

FIG. 20 illustrates a vehicle or an autonomous driving vehicle appliedto the disclosure. The vehicle or the autonomous driving may beconfigured as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned/unmanned aerialvehicle (AV), a ship, or the like.

Referring to FIG. 20, the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a controlunit 120, a driving unit 140 a, a power supply unit 140 b, a sensor unit140 c, and an autonomous driving unit 140 d. The antenna unit 108 may beconfigured as a part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110/130/140 ato 140 d correspond to the blocks 110/130/140 in FIG. 18, respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive a signal (e.g.,data, a control signal, or the like) to and from external devices, suchas a different vehicle, a base station (e.g. a base station, a road-sideunit, or the like), and a server. The control unit 120 may controlelements of the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 to performvarious operations. The control unit 120 may include an electroniccontrol unit (ECU). The driving unit 140 a may enable the vehicle or theautonomous driving vehicle 100 to run on the ground. The driving unit140 a may include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, a brake, asteering device, and the like. The power supply unit 140 b suppliespower to the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 and mayinclude a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. Thesensor unit 140 c may obtain a vehicle condition, environmentalinformation, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 140 c mayinclude an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, awheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight sensor, aheading sensor, a position module, vehicular forward/backward visionsensors, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steeringsensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor,an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, and the like. Theautonomous driving unit 140 d may implement a technology for maintaininga driving lane, a technology for automatically adjusting speed, such asadaptive cruise control, a technology for automatic driving along a setroute, a technology for automatically setting a route and driving when adestination is set, and the like.

For example, the communication unit 110 may receive map data, trafficcondition data, and the like from an external server. The autonomousdriving unit 140 d may generate an autonomous driving route and adriving plan on the basis of obtained data. The control unit 120 maycontrol the driving unit 140 a to move the vehicle or the autonomousdriving vehicle 100 along the autonomous driving route according to thedriving plan (e.g., speed/direction control). During autonomous driving,the communication unit 110 may aperiodically/periodically obtain updatedtraffic condition data from the external server and may obtainsurrounding traffic condition data from a neighboring vehicle. Further,during autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140 c may obtain a vehiclecondition and environmental information. The autonomous driving unit 140d may update the autonomous driving route and the driving plan on thebasis of newly obtained data/information. The communication unit 110 maytransmit information about a vehicle location, an autonomous drivingroute, a driving plan, and the like to the external server. The externalserver may predict traffic condition data in advance using AI technologyor the like on the basis of information collected from vehicles orautonomous driving vehicles and may provide the predicted trafficcondition data to the vehicles or the autonomous driving vehicles.

FIG. 21 illustrates a vehicle applied to the disclosure. The vehicle maybe implemented as a means of transportation, a train, an air vehicle, aship, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 21, the vehicle 100 may include a communication unit110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input/output unit 140 a,and a positioning unit 140 b. Herein, blocks 110 to 130/140 a to 140 bcorrespond to block 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 18, respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit/receive signals (e.g., data,control signals, etc.) with other vehicles or external devices such as abase station. The control unit 120 may control components of the vehicle100 to perform various operations. The memory unit 130 may storedata/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions ofthe vehicle 100. The input/output unit 140 a may output an AR/VR objectbased on information in the memory unit 130. The input/output unit 140 amay include a HUD. The positioning unit 140 b may acquire positioninformation of the vehicle 100. The location information may includeabsolute location information of the vehicle 100, location informationwithin a driving line, acceleration information, location informationwith a neighboring vehicle, and the like. The positioning unit 140 b mayinclude a GPS and various sensors.

For example, the communication unit 110 of the vehicle 100 may receivemap information, traffic information, and the like from an externalserver and store it in the memory unit 130. The positioning unit 140 bmay obtain vehicle position information through GPS and various sensorsand store it in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may generate avirtual object based on map information, traffic information, vehiclelocation information, and the like, and the input/output unit 140 a maydisplay the generated virtual object on a window inside the vehicle(1410 and 1420). In addition, the control unit 120 may determine whetherthe vehicle 100 is normally operating within the driving line based onthe vehicle location information. When the vehicle 100 abnormallydeviates from the driving line, the control unit 120 may display awarning on the windshield of the vehicle through the input/output unit140 a. Also, the control unit 120 may broadcast a warning messageregarding the driving abnormality to surrounding vehicles through thecommunication unit 110. Depending on the situation, the control unit 120may transmit the location information of the vehicle and information ondriving/vehicle abnormality to the related organization through thecommunication unit 110.

FIG. 22 illustrates a XR device applied to the disclosure. The XR devicemay be implemented as an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) provided in avehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, ahome appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 22, the XR device 100 a may include a communicationunit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input/output unit140 a, a sensor unit 140 b and a power supply unit 140 c. Herein, blocks110 to 130/140 a to 140 c correspond to blocks 110 to 130/140 in FIG.18.

The communication unit 110 may transmit/receive signals (e.g., mediadata, control signals, etc.) to/from external devices such as otherwireless devices, portable devices, or media servers. Media data mayinclude images, images, sounds, and the like. The control unit 120 maycontrol the components of the XR device 100 a to perform variousoperations. For example, the control unit 120 may be configured tocontrol and/or perform procedures such as video/image acquisition,(video/image) encoding, and metadata generation and processing. Thememory unit 130 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commandsnecessary for driving the XR device 100 a/creating an XR object. Theinput/output unit 140 a may obtain control information, data, and thelike from the outside, and may output the generated XR object. Theinput/output unit 140 a may include a camera, a microphone, a user inputunit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensor unit140 b may obtain an XR device state, surrounding environmentinformation, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 140 b mayinclude a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an accelerationsensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, a RGBsensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonicsensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar. The powersupply unit 140 c supplies power to the XR device 100 a, and may includea wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like.

For example, the memory unit 130 of the XR device 100 a may includeinformation (e.g., data, etc.) necessary for generating an XR object(e.g., AR/VR/MR object). The input/output unit 140 a may obtain acommand to operate the XR device 100 a from the user, and the controlunit 120 may drive the XR device 100 a according to the user's drivingcommand. For example, when the user wants to watch a movie or newsthrough the XR device 100 a, the control unit 120 transmits the contentrequest information through the communication unit 130 to another device(e.g., the mobile device 100 b) or can be sent to the media server. Thecommunication unit 130 may download/stream contents such as movies andnews from another device (e.g., the portable device 100 b) or a mediaserver to the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 controls and/orperforms procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image)encoding, and metadata generation/processing for the content, and isacquired through the input/output unit 140 a/the sensor unit 140 b An XRobject can be generated/output based on information about onesurrounding space or a real object.

Also, the XR device 100 a is wirelessly connected to the portable device100 b through the communication unit 110, and the operation of the XRdevice 100 a may be controlled by the portable device 100 b. Forexample, the portable device 100 b may operate as a controller for theXR device 100 a. To this end, the XR device 100 a may obtain 3D locationinformation of the portable device 100 b, and then generate and outputan XR object corresponding to the portable device 100 b.

FIG. 23 illustrates a robot applied to the disclosure. The robot may beclassified into industrial, medical, home, military, and the likedepending on the purpose or field of use.

Referring to FIG. 23, the robot 100 may include a communication unit110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input/output unit 140 a,a sensor unit 140 b, and a driving unit 140 c. Herein, blocks 110 to130/140 a to 140 c correspond to blocks 110 to 130/140 in FIG. 18.

The communication unit 110 may transmit/receive signals (e.g., drivinginformation, control signal, etc.) to/from external device such as otherwireless device, other robot, or a control server. The control unit 120may perform various operations by controlling the components of therobot 100. The memory unit 130 may storedata/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions ofthe robot 100. The input/output unit 140 a may obtain information fromthe outside of the robot 100 and may output information to the outsideof the robot 100. The input/output unit 140 a may include a camera, amicrophone, an user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or ahaptic module, etc. The sensor unit 140 b may obtain internalinformation, surrounding environment information, user information andthe like of the robot 100. The sensor unit may include a proximitysensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magneticsensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprintrecognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, amicrophone, a radar, and the like. The driving unit 140 c may performvarious physical operations such as moving a robot joint. In addition,the driving unit 140 c may make the robot 100 travel on the ground orfly in the air. The driving unit 140 c may include an actuator, a motor,a wheel, a brake, a propeller, and the like.

FIG. 24 illustrates an AI device applied to the disclosure. The AIdevice may be implemented as a stationary device or a mobile device,such as a TV, a projector, a smartphone, a PC, a laptop, a digitalbroadcasting terminal, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box, aradio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, digital signage, a robot, anda vehicle.

Referring to FIG. 24, the AI device 100 may include a communication unit110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input unit 140 a, anoutput unit 140 b, a learning processor unit 140 c, and a sensor unit140 d. Blocks 110 to 130/140 a to 140 d correspond to the blocks 110 to130/140 of FIG. 18, respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive wired or wirelesssignals (e.g., sensor information, a user input, a learning mode, acontrol signal, or the like) to and from external devices, a differentAI device (e.g., 100 x, 200, or 400 in FIG. 15) or an AI server (e.g.,400 in FIG. 15) using wired or wireless communication technologies. Tothis end, the communication unit 110 may transmit information in thememory unit 130 to an external device or may transmit a signal receivedfrom the external device to the memory unit 130.

The control unit 120 may determine at least one executable operation ofthe AI device 100 on the basis of information determined or generatedusing a data analysis algorithm or a machine-learning algorithm. Thecontrol unit 120 may control components of the AI device 100 to performthe determined operation. For example, the control unit 120 may request,retrieve, receive, or utilize data of the learning processor unit 140 cor the memory unit 130 and may control components of the AI device 100to perform a predicted operation or an operation determined to bepreferable among the at least one executable operation. The control unit120 may collect history information including details about an operationof the AI device 100 or a user's feedback on the operation and may storethe history information in the memory unit 130 or the learning processorunit 140 c or may transmit the history information to an externaldevice, such as the AI server (400 in FIG. 15). The collected historyinformation may be used to update a learning model.

The memory unit 130 may store data for supporting various functions ofthe AI device 100. For example, the memory unit 130 may store dataobtained from the input unit 140 a, data obtained from the communicationunit 110, output data from the learning processor unit 140 c, and dataobtained from the sensing unit 140. Further, the memory unit 130 maystore control information and/or a software code necessary for theoperation/execution of the control unit 120.

The input unit 140 a may obtain various types of data from the outsideof the AI device 100. For example, the input unit 140 a may obtainlearning data for model learning and input data to which a learningmodel is applied. The input unit 140 a may include a camera, amicrophone, and/or a user input unit. The output unit 140 b may generatevisual, auditory, or tactile output. The output unit 140 b may include adisplay unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensing unit 140may obtain at least one of internal information about the AI device 100,environmental information about the AI device 100, and user informationusing various sensors. The sensing unit 140 may include a proximitysensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magneticsensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor,a fingerprint sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, amicrophone, and/or a radar.

The learning processor unit 140 c may train a model including artificialneural networks using learning data. The learning processor unit 140 cmay perform AI processing together with a learning processor unit of anAI server (400 in FIG. 15). The learning processor unit 140 c mayprocess information received from an external device through thecommunication unit 110 and/or information stored in the memory unit 130.In addition, an output value from the learning processor unit 140 c maybe transmitted to an external device through the communication unit 110and/or may be stored in the memory unit 130.

The claims described herein may be combined in various ways. Forexample, the technical features of the method claims in the presentdisclosure may be combined and implemented as an apparatus, and thetechnical features of the device claims in the present disclosure may becombined and implemented as a method. In addition, the technicalfeatures of the method claim of the present specification and thetechnical features of the apparatus claim may be combined to beimplemented as an apparatus, and the technical features of the methodclaim of the present specification and the technical features of theapparatus claim may be combined and implemented as a method.

1. An uplink transmission method performed by a user equipment (UE) in awireless communication system, the method comprising: receivingrepetition transmission configuration information, wherein therepetition transmission configuration information is information forconfiguring repetition transmission for a physical uplink channel to theUE, and wherein the repetition transmission configuration informationreports a plurality of time-domain resource sets in which the repetitiontransmission is performed; and performing transmission on the physicaluplink channel in an actual time-domain resource set included in aspecific time-domain resource set, based on that a specific resource isincluded in the specific time-domain resource set included in theplurality of time-domain resource sets, wherein a channel characteristicfor time-domain resources included in the plurality of time-domainresource sets is identical, wherein the channel characteristic includespower and a phase, wherein the specific resource is a resource in whichan event occurs, wherein the event is an operation of determining thatthe channel characteristic cannot be maintained, wherein the specificresource includes a resource in which the UE receives a timing advance(TA) command from a BS, and wherein the UE does not perform UEautonomous TA adjustment in the actual time-domain resource set.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the UE determines whether to perform the UEautonomous TA adjustment, and wherein the UE autonomous TA adjustment isTA adjustment performed by the UE without a TA command received by theUE from a base station (BS).
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the UEdoes not perform the UE autonomous TA adjustment in the actualtime-domain resource set, based on that the UE determines to perform theUE autonomous TA adjustment in the actual time-domain resource set. 4.The method of claim 3, wherein the UE performs the UE autonomous TAadjustment after the specific time-domain resource set.
 5. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the physical uplink channel is at least one of aphysical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and a physical uplink sharedchannel (PUSCH).
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the actualtime-domain resource set starts from a resource immediately subsequentto the specific resource on a time domain.
 7. The method of claim 1,wherein the actual time-domain resource set ends at a last resourceconfigured as the specific time-domain resource set on a time domain ora resource immediately previous to another specific resource amongresources configured as the specific time-domain resource set. 8-10.(canceled)
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality oftime-domain resource sets is configured repeatedly in a time domain,based on the repetition transmission configuration information.
 12. Auser equipment (UE) comprising: one or more memories storinginstructions; one or more transceivers; and one or more processorscoupling the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers,wherein the one or more processors execute the instructions to: receiverepetition transmission configuration information, wherein therepetition transmission configuration information is information forconfiguring repetition transmission for a physical uplink channel to theUE, and wherein the repetition transmission configuration informationreports a plurality of time-domain resource sets in which the repetitiontransmission is performed; and perform transmission on the physicaluplink channel in an actual time-domain resource set included in aspecific time-domain resource set, based on that a specific resource isincluded in the specific time-domain resource set included in theplurality of time-domain resource sets, wherein a channel characteristicfor time-domain resources included in the plurality of time-domainresource sets is identical, wherein the channel characteristic includespower and a phase, wherein the specific resource is a resource in whichan event occurs, wherein the event is an operation of determining thatthe channel characteristic cannot be maintained, wherein the specificresource includes a resource in which the UE receives a timing advance(TA) command from a BS, and wherein the UE does not perform UEautonomous TA adjustment in the actual time-domain resource set.
 13. Anapparatus configured to control a user equipment (UE), the apparatuscomprising: one or more processors; and one or more memories operativelycoupled by the one or more processors and storing instructions, whereinthe one or more processors execute the instructions to: receiverepetition transmission configuration information, wherein therepetition transmission configuration information is information forconfiguring repetition transmission for a physical uplink channel to theUE, and wherein the repetition transmission configuration informationreports a plurality of time-domain resource sets in which the repetitiontransmission is performed; and perform transmission on the physicaluplink channel in an actual time-domain resource set included in aspecific time-domain resource set, based on that a specific resource isincluded in the specific time-domain resource set included in theplurality of time-domain resource sets, wherein a channel characteristicfor time-domain resources included in the plurality of time-domainresource sets is identical, wherein the channel characteristic includespower and a phase, wherein the specific resource is a resource in whichan event occurs, wherein the event is an operation of determining thatthe channel characteristic cannot be maintained, wherein the specificresource includes a resource in which the UE receives a timing advance(TA) command from a BS, and wherein the UE does not perform UEautonomous TA adjustment in the actual time-domain resource set.